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Pharmaceutical Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Schuyler A Pruyn, Mehdi Rajabi, Mary Adeyeye, Shaker A. Mousa
Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer with a wide range of uses, including oil recovery, cosmetics, and biomedical applications such as carriers for delivery of drugs and bioactive molecules [103]. Polyacrylamides are synthetic polymers derived from acrylamide monomers. The acrylamide units are known neurotoxins, but polyacrylamide itself is non-toxic. The polymer is chemically inert and stable over various conditions (i.e., stable over a pH range of 3–11) and has been employed to serve as a useful matrix for several types of extracorporeal toxin removal devices.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Schuyler A Pruyn, Mehdi Rajabi, Mary Adeyeye, Shaker A. Mousa
Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer with a wide range of uses, including oil recovery, cosmetics, and biomedical applications such as carriers for delivery of drugs and bioactive molecules [103]. Polyacrylamides are synthetic polymers derived from acrylamide monomers. The acrylamide units are known neurotoxins, but polyacrylamide itself is non-toxic. The polymer is chemically inert and stable over various conditions (i.e., stable over a pH range of 3–11) and has been employed to serve as a useful matrix for several types of extracorporeal toxin removal devices.
Industrial Polymers
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
Polyacrylamides are used as primary flocculants or coagulant aids in water clarification and mining application. They are effective for clarification of raw river water. The capacity of water clarifiers can be increased when the polymer is used as a secondary coagulant in conjunction with lime and ferric chloride. Polyacrylamides, and especially cationic polyacrylamides, are used for conditioning municipal and industries sludges for dewatering by porous and empty sand beds, vacuum filters, centrifuges, and other mechanical devices.
Experimental study on reducing the viscosity of sewage containing PAM catalyzed by low temperature plasma synergistic AC/Mn + TiO2
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Xiaobing Wang, Chen Feng, Lu Wang, Jinqiu Liu, An Jin, Chenyang Zhu, Fengwei Guan, Zhigang Huang, Hao He
PAM is considered as the preferred polymer for polymer flooding due to its high molecular weight, good water solubility and high viscosity. By increasing the viscosity and viscoelasticity of the polymer system, polyacrylamide can reduce the fluidity ratio between the displacement fluid and crude oil, improve the sweep area of the oil displacement system and thus improve the oil recovery [1]. Viscosity of polyacrylamide solution is an important index of polymer flooding, and it is of great significance to study the influencing factors on its viscosity. There are many main factors affecting the viscosity of polyacrylamide solution, such as molecular weight, concentration, temperature, mineralization, solvent, degree of hydrolysis, stirring speed and heat [2–6]. Arinina et al. made a general research on the comprehensive influence of temperature and low-viscosity additives on the viscosity of heavy oil through experiments, and constructed the relationship curve between temperature, diluent and concentration [7]. Lee et al. measured the visible light photocatalytic activity, also evaluated the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in solution, and noted that the photocatalytic reaction was carried out in viscous polymer solution [8].
On the possibility of using combined polymerization and drying in synthesis of polyacrylamide
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
A. A. Lipin, A. G. Lipin, R. Wójtowicz
Owing to its unique combination of properties, polyacrylamide is widely used in various fields of chemical technology. For example, it is used in water treatment as a coagulant, flocculant (Wang et al., 2014; Jiang and Zhu, 2014), as an agent reducing hydraulic resistance in the drilling technique (Sui et al., 2015), and also as sizing agent in the textile industry (Abramova et al., 1992; Friedman, 2003). The use of polyacrylamide is effective in stabilizing soil aggregates, reducing soil erosion, also for increasing water infiltration. In agriculture, its use has an indirect significant impact upon crop growth and yield (Jung and Jang, 2016; Sojka et al., 2007; Mohsin and Attia, 2015). Polyacrylamide can also be used as a thickener, a film former and a suspensions stabilizer (Abramova et al., 1992).
Flow behaviours comparison of crude oil–polymer emulsions
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2018
Mamdouh Ghannam, Basim Abu-Jdayil, Nabil Esmail
The polyacrylamide is produced by the polymerisation of the acrylamide monomer. Through hydrolysis some of the acrylamide monomers are converted to carboxylate groups with a negative charge. Polyacrylamide is usually utilised in modern technologies as a thickening agent, suspending agent, turbulent reduction agent and in the enhanced oil recovery (Durst, Haas, and Kaczmar 1981; Flew and Sellin 1993). Xanthan gum is a high molecular weight extracellular polysaccharide produced by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas campestris. Xanthan gum has enormous industrial importance with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and oil industries (Kang and Pettitt 1993; Speers and Tung 1986).