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Catalytic Reforming Catalysts
Published in Soni O. Oyekan, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process, 2018
The platinum/chloride/alumina catalyst was the main catalyst of choice in semiregenerative and cyclic catalyst regenerative processes between 1949 and 1967. Platinum-only catalysts are catalysts that have platinum concentrations in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 wt. %, 0.7 to 1.1 wt. % chloride, and the balance of about 98 weight percent is the alumina support. Platinum-only catalysts are referred to as monometallic catalysts. Platinum/chloride/alumina catalysts are used mainly in fixed-bed semiregenerative and cyclic regenerative reformers, due in part to their low sulfur sensitivity in the processing of naphtha feeds with up to 20 wppm sulfur. For catalytic reforming operations in which the monometallic catalyst is exposed to high feed sulfur concentrations of greater than 20 wppm and nitrogen concentrations greater than 2 wppm, catalyst regenerations are not recommended, as fresh catalyst-type activity and product selectivity are typically not recovered. Monometallic catalysts are still being used in a number of cyclic regenerative catalytic reformer applications and for some semiregenerative catalytic reformers.
Studies in Solvent Extraction and Supported Liquid Membrane for Platinum Recovery from Chloride Media by Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2019
Shweta Kumbhaj, Vandana Prabhu, Anand V. Patwardhan
A stock solution of 5.1 × 10−4 M platinum chloride was prepared by dissolving analytical grade chloroplatinic acid (Sigma Aldrich, minimum 37%) in 3 M HCl. SnCl2 (Sigma Aldrich, minimum 97%) solution was prepared in 1 M HCl. The organic phase with TEHP (purity 99.0%, Sigma Aldrich) was prepared in kerosene (S. D. Fine Chemicals Ltd, India). Other reagents, namely, toluene, n-dodecane, hexane, NaClO4, HClO4, and NaClO3 of analytical grade (AR) were procured from S. D. Fine Chemicals Ltd. Hydrophobic PVDF membranes of pore size 0.45 µm and 47 mm diameter were procured from Sterlitech.