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Porous Carbon Nanostructured Sorbents for Biomedical Application
Published in Zulkhair A. Mansurov, Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment, 2020
Almagul R. Kerimkulova, Seitkhan Azat, Zulkhair A. Mansurov
Chromatography is able to bind with the sorbent. Various binding forms with the sorbent are used. It can be London dispersion forces (adsorption chromatography), electrostatic forces (ion-exchange chromatography), or molecular size differences (molecular-sieve chromatography). Depending on aggregative state of the eluent, there are distinguished gas and liquid chromatography. Chromatographic separation is carried out in tubes that filled with a sorbent (column chromatography); in capillaries with a length of several tens of meters, which walls are covered with sorbent (capillary chromatography); on plates that covered with adsorption layer (thin-layer chromatography); on paper (paper chromatography) [3–4]. Chromatography is widely used in laboratories and industry in order to control the production and isolation of individual substances.
Thin-Layer Chromatography in Plant Sciences
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Cellulose is used less frequently than polyamide or silica gel; the utilization of cellulose is based on earlier studies using paper chromatography. Therefore, cellulose is used in addition to polyamide and silica gel to determine some flavonoids as discussed below. The determination of flavones and C-glycosyl flavones from the leaves of some Arrhenatherum sp. on cellulose with acetone–water (3:7)75; the determination of the flavonoid profiles of Libacedries on cellulose with 15% aceticacid.58 This technique is also used to study flavonoids in wood and bark in the genus Eucalyptus.55 Finally, for the separation of flavonoids of Rosa cultivars69 with the mobile phase methanol–acetic acid–water (18:1:1).
Radionuclide Generators for Biomedical Applications: Advent of Nanotechnology
Published in Feng Chen, Weibo Cai, Hybrid Nanomaterials, 2017
Rubel Chakravarty, Ramu Ram, Ashutosh Dash
The radiochemical purity of a generator produced radionuclide may be defined as the fraction of the total radioactivity present in the desired chemical form (Chakravarty and Dash 2013a). Radiochemical impurities may arise in the daughter radionuclide during its separation from the parent or its subsequent storage due to several factors such as the action of the solvent and the effect of radiolysis, change in temperature or pH, presence of oxidizing or reducing agents (Saha 2010). The radiochemical impurities present in the daughter radionuclide may not be suitable for labeling with ligands and biomolecules. This may also affect the biological behavior of the radiopharmaceutical as the agent may not be selectively taken up by the target organs (Chakravarty and Dash 2013a). The presence of radiochemical impurities in generator produced radioisotopes can be detected and determined by various analytical methods. These include, paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, paper electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, gel filtration, gel chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, solvent extraction, inverse dilution and precipitation (Chakravarty and Dash 2013a).
Efficient preparation of phosphazene chitosan derivatives and its applications for the adsorption of molybdenum from spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Hala. A. Ibrahium, Bahig M. Atia, Nasser. S. Awwad, A. A. Nayl, Hend A. Radwan, Mohamed A. Gado
At the beginning adding 0.1 mol triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) to 0.1 mol AlCl3 hard Lewis acid in an suitable 50 mL of DMF in a condenser for 3 h at 50 °C. After that neutralization step was begins by adding 0.1 mol Sodium hydroxide, to 0.1 mole of thiosemicarbazide, in a suitable 50 mL of DMF as the diluent. The concerning mix was refluxed at 50 °C for 3 h. The main purpose of neutralization step is to increase the nucleophilicity of the Thiosemicarbazide. Finally, the two additives were added to each other with condensation for 8 h at 100 °C. The paper chromatography (PC) was used to monitor the reaction progress using PC sheets with Ethyl acetate + Ethanol 50:50 v/v as a solvent. The spots were seen with a UV lamp. The prepared PZEN appears as a crystalline glossy white solid with a density of ≈0.957 g/cm3. At the reaction end, the obtained PZEN was rinsed many times with distilled water to get rid of the residual DMF and AlCl3 (Scheme 1(A)).
Design and implementation of an ultrasonic sensor for rapid monitoring of industrial malolactic fermentation of wines
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2018
Derviş A. Çelik, Miquel A. Amer, Daniel F. Novoa-Díaz, Juan A. Chávez, Antoni Turó, Miguel J. García-Hernández, Jordi Salazar
Several conventional measurement methods for monitoring food/beverage processes, such as paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, enzymatic analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and reflectance are described in the literature.[1] Most of these methods do, however, share the fact that they are expensive, rather complex, and require the taking of samples that need to be sent to an external lab for further analysis. Moreover, when these methods are used, obtaining accurate results tends to be a rather time-consuming process. On top of all of that, these methods themselves are, generally speaking, not affordable to small companies.
A tribute to Professor Juan Faus Payá
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Miguel Julve, Francesc Lloret, Michel Verdaguer
Prof. Faus and his former PhD, Prof. José María Moratal, created the research group of Coordination Chemistry at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Valencia in 1976. Before this date, his first publication appeared in “Quimica Analitica”. It concerned analytical chemistry, the identification of alkaline cations by paper chromatography using the reaction of dihydrogen sulfide with alkali metal violurates. It is co-signed by the Head of Inorganic Chemistry in Valencia at that time. In the mid-1970s, Spain knew a sudden burst of changes and hopes in many aspects of the social life. It is significant that the new group was born at this time. Juan Faus and his first students (Moratal, Lloret, Julve, and Garcia-España) first focused on the determination of stability constants of metal complexes in solution with violurate (a very strong field ligand), catechol, porphyrins, and Schiff base ligands. The techniques used were potentiometry and spectrophotometry. A few years later, a Spanish governmental program allowed talented young Spanish scientists to visit abroad as postdoctoral fellows. With the support of Professor Faus, Miguel Julve was the first to seize this opportunity and he spent two years in France in the laboratory of Prof. Oliver Kahn at Orsay where he worked closely with M. Verdaguer. Others (Moratal, Garcia-España) visited the groups of Bertini and Paoletti in Florence (toward bioinorganic chemistry and supramolecular chemistry) and found their own way. This national and European opening-up transformed deeply Faus’s group and beyond, the Inorganic Chemistry Department. It brought new blood, modernized and diversified the themes, and opened the way to publications in European and American journals. From then, the programmed postdoctoral stays of members of Faus’s group in France (Orsay) (M. Julve then F. Lloret working with Y. Journaux and later, J. A. Real working with J. Zarembowitch on spin cross-over) and their reincorporation in the mother group in Valencia allowed achievement of a solid background in solid-state coordination chemistry, in structural studies and in magnetism. Furthermore, some of the systems investigated by Professor Faus underwent spin changes [complexes of Co(II) and Fe(II) with violurate and its alkyl derivatives] and led him to be interested in Molecular Magnetism. New equipment, a variable-temperature Faraday balance permitted to carry out this new research avenue at home, always keeping and reinforcing the collaboration with foreign teams. Along the years, the scientific partnership transformed into reciprocal esteem and friendship.