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Coal-Tar Colours
Published in Robert Routledge, Discoveries and Inventions of the Ninteenth Century, 2018
Naphthaline—another of the colour-yielding substances of coal-tar—is, like benzol, a hydro-carbon, but one belonging to quite another chemical series. Its formula is C10H8, and it has an interest to chemists altogether apart from its industrial uses, from having been the subject of the classic researches of the French chemist, Laurent—researches which resulted in the introduction of new and fertile ideas into chemical science, contributing largely to its rapid progress. Naphthaline forms colourless crystals, which, like camphor, slowly volatilize at ordinary temperatures, and are readily distilled in a current of steam. It is thus sufficiently volatile to escape complete deposition in the condensers of the gas-works, and to be partly carried over into the mains, where its collection occasions some trouble. Nitric acid acts upon naphthaline in a manner analogous to that in which it acts on benzol, forming nitro-naphthaline, which, in its turn, submitted to the action of iron filings and acetic acid, is transformed into a base called “naphthylamine.” The salts of naphthylamine are coloured products which, in some cases, have been found available as dyes. There is a crimson colour, and a yellow largely used under the name of ”Manchester yellow/’ for imparting to silk and wool a gorgeous golden yellow colour. Another coloured derivative of naphthaline, called “carminaphtha,” was discovered by Laurent in the course of his researches.
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Published in Maurizio Cumo, Antonio Naviglio, Safety Design Criteria for Industrial Plants, 2019
Claudia Bartolomei, Sergio Paribelli
Toxicity — Naphthylamine is a human suspected carcinogen (IARC, OSHA). Aquatic toxicity rating TLm96: 10 to 1 ppm. LD50: 779 mg/kg (administed to rat via oral route).LDL0: 300 mg/kg (administered to rabbit via subcutaneous route).
Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Both 1-naphthylamine (α-naphthylamine) and 2-naphthylamine (β-naphthylamine) are proven human bladder carcinogens. In addition to being a proven human carcinogen, benzidine, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, is highly toxic and has systemic effects that include blood hemolysis, bone marrow depression, and kidney and liver damage. It can be taken into the body orally, by inhalation into the lungs, and by skin sorption.
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
‘There is strong mechanistic evidence indicating that the carcinogenicity of 2-naphthylamine operates by a genotoxic mechanism of action that involves metabolic activation, formation of DNA adducts, and induction of mutagenic and clastogenic effects. Metabolic activation to DNA-reactive intermediates occurs by multiple pathways including N-oxidation in the liver, O-acetylation in the bladder, and peroxidative activation in the mammary gland and other organs.’ (IARC 2012f, 90).