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Single-Molecule Organic Electronics and Optoelectronics
Published in Sam-Shajing Sun, Larry R. Dalton, Introduction to Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, 2016
Ling Zang, Xiaomei Yang, Tammene Naddo
Molecule-mediated charge transfer has been recognized and investigated for a long time. The idea of using molecule chains as electrical wires has been inspired from the efficient charge transfer observed for the conjugate molecules. With the advancement in fabrication and characterization of molecular junctions (as described above), molecular wires have been successfully installed within nanojunctions, and the conductivity has been well characterized. It has been found that the molecular conductivity is strongly dependent not only on the molecular structure but also on the dynamic conformation of the molecule (leading to application in molecular switch) and the local electrical field (leading to application in FET). With advancement in organic synthetic methodology, various molecular structures have been synthesized and tested for the conducting properties. Mostly, an ideal molecular wire should be highly conductive (or conjugate), rigid in backbone conformation (suited for alignment in nanojunction), and thermally stable to avoid air oxidation or electrochemical deterioration.
Discotic liquid crystals
Published in David Crawley, Konstantin Nikolić, Michael Forshaw, 3D Nanoelectronic Computer Architecture and Implementation, 2020
A McNeill, R J Bushby, S D Evans, Q Liu, B Movaghar
The discotic liquid crystal column therefore consists of a central column of conducting aromatic cores surrounded by insulating alkyl chains. This means that charge can be transported in one dimension along the conducting cores but it is significantly shielded from its surroundings. This is a ID molecular wire. By their very nature, molecular wires are delicate objects, prone to defects and difficult to manipulate. Herein lies the interest in discotic liquid crystal wires: not only do they self-align between electrodes, they also self-heal if broken. The specific objective of the research is to demonstrate the feasibility of very high-density, molecular ‘wires’ between electrical contacts on separate, closely spaced, semiconductor chips or layers.
Nanosystems, Quantum Mechanics, and Mathematical Models
Published in Sergey Edward Lyshevski, Mems and Nems, 2018
Different molecular wires have been devised and tested. For example, the molecular wire can consist of the single molecule chain with its end adsorbed to the surface of the gold lead that can cover monolayers of other molecules. Molecular wires connect the nanoscale structures and devices. The current density of carbon nanotubes, 1,4-dithiol benzene (molecular wire) and copper are 1011, 1012 and 106 electroncs/sec-nm2, respectively [9]. The current technology allows one to fill carbon nanotubes with other media (metals, organic and inorganic materials). That is, to connect nanostructures, as shown in Figure 6.3.1, it is feasible to use molecular wires which can be synthesized through the organic synthesis.
DFT approach on stability and conductance of nine different polyyne and cumulene molecules
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
AbhayRam Balakrishnan, R. Shankar, S. Vijayakumar
Generally, in a molecular wire the molecule is sandwiched between two metal electrodes. The bonding of the molecule to the electrode enables the flow of electricity from the electrode Fermi levels through the molecular orbitals formed by the conjugated portion of the molecule. The offset between the electrode Fermi energy (Ef) and the molecular orbital closest in energy to Ef gives the barrier for charge transport [10]. Any molecular orbital energy level can be considered as a charge transport pathway in a molecular wire. But since the frontier orbitals always have much lesser transport barriers for electron (LUMO) and hole (HOMO) only these orbitals are considered in most cases. The transport barrier for hole tunnelling is Ef–|EHOMO| and for electron tunneling is Ef–|ELUMO| [10,11]. So if Ef–|EHOMO| is very low the charge transport of hole is easier through such a molecular wire and if Ef–|ELUMO| is low the transport of electron is preferred. Also the molecule with lower Ef–|EHOMO| or Ef–|ELUMO| value conducts holes or electrons better than the one with higher values. According to theoretical descriptions of tunneling attenuation factor (β) is proportional to the square root of the transport barrier (EF–|EHOMO|) [12]. Also, the charge transport through the molecule is given by,
Self-assembled molecular devices: a minireview
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2020
A key component for developing molecular electronics is that molecular devices can be interconnected to form molecular circuits. Therefore, the development of molecular wires is indispensable for the connection of molecular devices. The molecular wires usually promote the transfer of intramolecular electrons or charges from one location to another under the control of external electric, electrochemical or photonic stimulation.