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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition and Signaling Elements in Sensors
Published in Onur Parlak, Switchable Bioelectronics, 2020
Molecular imprinting is a technique that creates artificial recognition sites in synthetic polymers using molecules or ions as a template. The resulting recognition or imprinted sites, which are complementary to template molecules in size, shape, and the orientation of the functional groups, are generated in the polymeric matrix.3 MIPs are prepared by the copolymerization of functional and cross-linking monomers in the presence of a template molecule, an initiator, and a porogen. Thereafter, the template is removed by applying a solvent extraction process, generating highly cross-linked 3D cavities having a high affinity toward the target compound. The principle of molecular imprinting is schematically shown in Fig. 5.1.4 There are two main types of molecular imprinting approaches. The first one is covalent molecular imprinting, which was introduced by Wulff and Sarhan in 1972.5 In this approach, functional monomers interact with the functional groups on the template via reversible covalent bonding, resulting in a polymerizable template. After polymerization, these bonds in the covalent character are cleaved via hydrolysis and the template is removed, leaving behind selective binding sites.
Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosystems: Current Status and Future Prospects
Published in Costas Demetzos, Stergios Pispas, Natassa Pippa, Drug Delivery Nanosystems, 2019
Cem Varan, Gamze Varan, Nazli Erdoğar, Erem Bilensoy
Molecular imprinting technology is a research area attracting considerable interest as a synthetic method of developing molecular affinity systems that are able to recognize, form complexes with, and control the delivery of small drugs. This technology includes the design of a polymer matrix that has specific and complementary recognition sites for an active drug molecule [86]. By binding the interacting group of the functional monomers, the molecular structure of the polymer matrix is specifically adapted to the template of interest, leading to a higher drug-loading efficacy [87]. Oral drug delivery using molecular-imprinted polymers (MIPs) involves the protection of the template from GI degradation and the control of drug release and pharmacokinetic profile. A functional response to an external stimulus like pH or temperature and the opportunity to ensure both drug recognition and delivery properties continue to render MIPs attractive for oral drug delivery [88].
Photoresponsive Materials Containing Azomoieties—A Facile Approach In Molecular Imprinting
Published in A. K. Haghi, Devrim Balköse, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Andrew G. Mercader, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
T. Sajini, Beena Mathew, Sam John
Molecularly imprinted synthetic polymers were discovered 40 years back. Molecular imprinting is a template‐directed technique that allows the design and synthesis of polymers with well‐defined artificially generated recognition sites that are intentionally engineered and specific for a target analyte or class of analyte sIn the imprinting process, the template (a small molecule, a biological macromolecule, or a microorganism) interacts with a polymerizable monomer that contains complementary functional groups or structural elements of the template through reversible covalent bond(s), electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, or coordination with a metal center.3, 4 A schematic representation of the molecular imprinting process is shown in Scheme 13.1.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymers as the sorbent for extraction of chemical contaminants from milk
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Fatemeh Hemmati, Hedayat Hosseini, Parisa Mostashari, Aynura Aliyeva, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Therefore, there is a need for an effective, economical, and robust technique to detect trace residues of hormones, melamine, and antibiotics in milk. Moreover, milk is an aqueous matrix containing fat, protein, and other components that may interfere with the analysis (Mayor et al. 2017). In the last years, numerous analytical techniques have been used for the determination of these contaminants, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, because of the low concentration of these compounds and the complexity of milk samples, it is necessary to use sample pre-treatment techniques for their preconcentration and purification before instrumental techniques (Barros et al. 2023; Mohan et al. 2023). Accordingly, molecular imprinting as a method for extracting and determining contaminants from aqueous samples has attracted much attention from many researchers (Chen et al. 2021; Zeng et al. 2021; Hassan et al. 2022). Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials containing specific recognition sites complementary to the target molecule. They have selectivity for a specific analyte or group of compounds and remove the interfering compounds from complex samples (Soledad-Rodríguez et al. 2017; Kamaruzaman et al. 2021). The present article gives an overview of the synthesis of MIPs and their application for extracting antibiotics, hormones, and melamine in milk samples.
Antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via lysozyme imprinted cryogel membranes
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Sinem Diken Gür, Monireh Bakhshpour, Nilay Bereli, Adil Denizli
In this study, molecular imprinting method was used to obtain cavities complementary to template molecule allow to gain cost effective and easy prepared binding sites with high stability in the cryogel composite. Molecular imprinting process consists of the polymerization of the functional monomer and template together in the presence of the appropriate crosslinkers and template removal step to obtain cavities specific to the imprinted biomolecule [30]. Nowadays, molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are gained great interest due to their several advantages such as high stability against harsh pH and temperature conditions, easy, rapid and cost-effective preparation, reusability and long storage life [31]. Further, specific binding sites formed with this method enable high antimicrobial loading capacity. MIPs exhibit higher drug loading capacity when compared with non-imprinted or conventional polymers [30]. In a study of Foroutan Koudehi and Zibaseresht, while developing gentamicin loaded wound dressing, MIP have been preferred due to their high drug loading capacity [32]. Tamahkar et al. have achieved the development of drug carrier system with high drug loading capability by using molecular imprinting method [30].
Medical textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2020
Molecular imprinting of polymers involves casting with the polymer in one of several available ways to encapsulate a selected molecule, then removing that molecule so that a site is generated on the polymer surface which will accept further molecules of the same shape. Films of such imprinted polymers have proved successful in acting as detectors for specific molecules [262]. It has taken longer to become able to prepare useful molecular imprinted electrospun nanofibres [263], but there are good reasons for doing so as shown by a recently-successful example: the imprinted nanofibres held a greater drug load and released the drug at a steadier rate than with ‘naked’ electrospun nanofibres, and based on the choice of polymer adjusting the nature and strength of drug/polymer interactions, the drug-release time could be greatly extended [264]. The approach used here was based on soft molecular imprinting [265, 266].