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The Use of an Engineered Reed Bed System to Treat Leachate at Monument Hill Landfill Site, Southern England
Published in George Mulamoottil, Edward A. McBean, Frank Rovers, Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Landfill Leachates, 2018
Howard Robinson, Gwyn Harris, Martin Carville, Mike Barr, Steve Last
Mecoprop (MCPP) is a phenoxyalkanoic herbicide with the molecular formula C10H11C103 that is relatively soluble in water (620 mg/L at 20°C). It is widely used in the U.K. for postemergence control of broad-leaved weeds, such as chickweed, plantain, and clover, in wheat, barley and rye crops, or in grassland and pastures for control of docks. Leachate analyses determined concentrations of up to 19 µg/L, present in the leachate discharge (values of up to 0.6 µg/L were also measured in the upstream Stert Watercourse). No other Red List substances were detected in the leachate, except occasional erratic and very low levels of 1,2 dichloroethane — only one sample exceeding the drinking water limit of 10 µg/L.
From peaks to prairies: a time-of-travel synoptic survey of pesticides in watersheds of southern Alberta, Canada
Published in Inland Waters, 2019
Claudia Sheedy, Natalie Kromrey, Denise Nilsson, Tyler Armitage
Pesticide sales estimates at the provincial level for domestic, industrial, and municipal uses are not available. But estimates for the City of Calgary in 2013 showed that the residential use of pesticides was substantially higher than that for any other urban use (parks, golf courses, landscaping), and at substantially higher rates of application (Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development 2015b). Mecoprop, 2,4-D, dicamba, and MCPA in particular were used in residential areas for weed control in turfgrass (Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development 2015b). Other urban centers in the South Saskatchewan River Basin (Lethbridge, Red Deer, and Medicine Hat) likely have similar pesticide use patterns.
Sediment-associated organopollutants, metals and nutrients in the Nechako River, British Columbia: a current study with a synthesis of historical data
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2019
Philip N. Owens, David J. Gateuille, Ellen L. Petticrew, Barry P. Booth, Todd D. French
Phenoxy acid herbicide (triclopyr, bromoxynil, clopyralid, 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DP [dichlorprop], dinoseb, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, picloram, 2,4,5-T, and 2,4,5-TP) determinations in bottom sediment were done by ALS Environmental Ltd (Burnaby, BC) in collaboration with AXYS. Per ALS Method L1856769, 5-g samples were mixed with methanol, acidified and extracted with toluene; derivatized extracts were analyzed by capillary column GC-MS. Samples were run in batches of 20; each batch included a method blank based on Baked Ottawa Sand, a laboratory control and duplicate, phenoxy acid herbicide surrogates, a sample split duplicate, and a phenoxy acid herbicide matrix spike.
Interaction of organic pollutants with TiO2: a density functional theory study of carboxylic acids on the anatase (101) surface
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
Manasi R. Mulay, Natalia Martsinovich
Water pollution is an everyday growing environmental concern [1]. Conventional wastewater treatment techniques, such as filtration and microbial treatment, cannot completely remove water micropollutants (defined as pollutants with the abundance of few micrograms per litre of water or with ppb level of concentration) [2]. Therefore, advanced techniques are required that can destroy pollutants or convert them into non-toxic form. Photocatalytic treatment has emerged as a promising technique for destruction of organic contaminants in water and air [3,4]. In particular, TiO2 based photocatalysts are widely used for water treatment due to their low cost, stability, non-toxicity and good performance [5]. One of the most common emerging micro-pollutants is salicylic acid (ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid), which is typically detected in wastewaters with concentrations up to 212 µg/L [6–8]. Although these concentrations are well below its toxicity level [9], salicylic acid in wastewater was reported to retain its pharmacological activity [10]. Salicylic acid in wastewaters originates from various sources: it is present in industrial wastewaters as a key precursor in manufacturing of pharmaceuticals including aspirin and a range of other drugs [11], in hospital wastewaters as a metabolite of aspirin [7], and in domestic wastewaters as one of the key ingredients of skincare products and cosmetics [12]. Aromatic carboxylic acids are also among the key intermediates in photocatalytic degradation of other pollutants, e.g. benzoic acid, salicylic acid and anthranilic acid are among the degradation intermediates of the carbamazepine drug [13]; benzoic and anthranilic acid are also among degradation products of dyes, such as rhodamine B and indigo carmine [14,15]. Many other persistent micropollutants in water also contain the carboxylic group in their molecular structure, e.g. drugs such as clofibric acid [16], ibuprofen [17], diclofenac [18], and herbicides such as mecoprop [16]. Because of the prominence of carboxylic acids among micropollutants and the pressing need to develop photocatalytic methods for destroying these pollutants, it is important to understand the nature of binding of salicylic acid and other carboxylic acid molecules containing additional functional groups with the TiO2 photocatalyst surface. In particular, strong adsorption of micropollutant molecules on the photocatalyst surface facilitates their rapid photocatalytic degradation [19]; at the same time, accumulation of degradation products or intermediates at the photocatalyst surface can lead to photocatalyst poisoning and may eventually make it non-functional [20]. Therefore, understanding the nature and strength of binding of key pollutants, intermediates and products of degradation will help improve the efficiency of photocatalysis.