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Remediation of Essential Elements Exerting Toxicity on Excessive Exposure (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se) Via Batch Adsorption in Response to Variable Factors and Elucidation of the Mechanism for the Batch Adsorption Process
Published in Deepak Gusain, Faizal Bux, Batch Adsorption Process of Metals and Anions for Remediation of Contaminated Water, 2021
Deepak Gusain, Shikha Dubey, Yogesh Chandra Sharma, Faizal Bux
This chapter includes discussion on factors affecting adsorption of essential elements. The requirement of these metals in human diet is required for some functions as follows: cobalt is a part of vitamin B12, copper is a part of several metalloenzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase, manganese deficiency is associated with skeletal abnormalities, selenium is a part of several proteins and its deficiency leads to Keshan disease, and zinc is also a part of several metalloenzymes. The aforementioned elements are essential, but excessive intake leads to negative effects on health. Excessive cobalt intake (> 10 mg/l) is associated with heart failure, excessive copper intake is related to gastrointestinal distress, nausea and vomiting, manganese affects the brain (manganism) and also causes dilation of blood vessels and induces hypotension, excessive intake of selenium leads to neurological and dermal effects, and excessive intake of zinc is associated with affecting the pancreas and brain. So, it is necessary to keep the exposure of elements under recommended guideline values.
Status of Cadmium, Lead, and Selenium in the Soils of Selected African Countries and Perspectives of their Effects on Human and Environmental Health
Published in P.M. Huang, I.K. Iskandar, M. Chino, T.B. Goh, P.H. Hsu, D.W. Oscarson, L.M. Shuman, Soils and Groundwater Pollution and Remediation, 2020
Manganese is an essential element for man and animals and thus occurs in body cells. Over 90% of its global production is by the steel industry (the rest is used in the production of batteries, chemical fertilizers, dyes, paint dryers, etc.). Retarded growth of hair and nails, mild dermatitis, and pigment changes on the hair and beard (as well as some weight loss) are some of the symptoms that are caused by manganese deficiency in humans. On the other hand, exposure to manganese dusts is a health hazard in the mining industry and may result in chronic poisoning. Chronic poisoning appears in stages. Examples of symptom progression are initially insomnia, hypersexuality, and headache; speech disturbance, eventual muteness, and an increased tone of facial muscles in the second stage; onto the establishment of chronic poisoning whose symptoms include marked rigidity of the body, muscle pain, disturbances of the libido, and other symptoms.
Applications of Ceramic Membranes
Published in Mihir Kumar Purkait, Randeep Singh, Membrane Technology in Separation Science, 2018
Mihir Kumar Purkait, Randeep Singh
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical fruit of the Bromeliaceae family. Pineapple was once the subject of rivalry or matter of pride among European aristocrats due to its unavailability in the region, and thus it was grown in hothouses (these hothouses maintain the temperate climate), which increases their overall cost. In recent times, pineapple is still a famous fruit for its pleasant taste and aroma, and is still not available to a wide population. Therefore, there is always a high demand for fresh pineapples, pineapple juices, and pineapple concentrates for the production of different products and recipes. Pineapple juice is sweet, delicious, and healthy. It is a source of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, folate, vitamin C, proteins, and bromelain (a proteolytic enzyme). These constituents of pineapple juice are responsible for the cure of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, heart, fertility, asthma, osteoarthritis, manganese deficiency, and reduction of bloating and constipation-related problems. These properties show that the pineapple fruit juice market is worth millions of dollars. Therefore, techniques and processes for effective and efficient processing are required to maintain the freshness, aroma, and flavor of pineapple juice.
Recovery of microelements from municipal sewage sludge by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Barbara Kołodziej, Jacek Antonkiewicz, Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska, Robert Witkowicz, Bogdan Dubis
The present study focuses on microelements and their ratios, which are necessary for the proper growth and development of plants (Mackowiak et al. 2011; Witkowicz et al. 2019). Due to its optimal chemical composition, the biomass of energy crops can also be used as fodder (Lindvall et al. 2012). Hence, this paper presents the quantitative relationships between the components of the biomass of the analyzed plants. As demonstrated by this research and other studies, with their large spectrum of microelements, sewage sludge as well as mineral and organic fertilizers can modify the value of the element ratio, which is important for the quality of biomass (Voća et al. 2021). The energy crop biomass was assessed based on the criterion of feed nutritional value, which specifies the optimal Fe:Mn ratio of 1.5–2.5:1 (Mackowiak et al. 2011; Witkowicz et al. 2019). In the biomass of the reed canary grass, the Fe:Mn ratio was above the optimal value regardless of the sewage sludge dose. This indicates high iron content and manganese deficiency. In the case of the giant miscanthus, the Fe:Mn ratio was below the threshold value, which indicates deficiency of these microelements in the biomass intended to be used as fodder. The mutual proportions between elements in plants are an important qualitative aspect determining the nutritional value of fodder crops (Mackowiak et al. 2011; Witkowicz et al. 2015; Kazimierska et al. 2020).
The performance of vetivers (Chrysopogon zizaniodes and Chrysopogon nemoralis) on heavy metals phytoremediation: laboratory investigation
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
Ramida Wasino, Suched Likitlersuang, Dao Janjaroen
Experimental results have shown that metals in soil could be uptaken by both types of vetiver, and the absorption was enhanced when EDTA was applied. Even though Chrysopogon zizaniodes, and Chrysopogon nemoralis seemed to be able to grow under a stress due to heavy metal absorption, some changes in physical characteristics indicating metal toxicity were observed as described in the previous section. For instance, the shorter, but thicker roots of both types of vetiver grown in soil contaminated with heavy metals might result from heavy metal toxicity. Studies found that heavy metals might obstruct the root’s growth, and affect the lateral growth of root (Ivanov et al. 2003). Besides shape and length of the roots, changing in leaves color was observed to become more yellow. A study suggested that these yellow-coloured leaves might be a result of zinc toxicity leading to iron and manganese deficiency. Consequently, it caused chlorosis in leaves (Emamverdian et al.2015).
Dissolution of zinc oxide nanoparticles in exposure media of algae, daphnia, and fish embryos for nanotoxicological testing
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2018
Yu-Jin Shin, Woo-Mi Lee, Jin Il Kwak, Youn-Joo An
In the previous research, growth of green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were significantly inhibited by ZnO NPs from 0.05 mg/L after 72 h exposure [16]. Several earlier researches on the ZnO NPs aquatic toxicity confirmed that Zn2+ dissolved from ZnO NPs caused algal toxicity [14–16], and also some researchers reported that toxic mechanism of Zn2+ is related to manganese deficiency [26], cell membrane damage [27], mitochondrial and DNA damage [28], and oxidative stress [29,30] in the organisms.