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Greener Synthesis of Potential Drugs
Published in Ahindra Nag, Greener Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Drugs and Natural Products, 2022
Renata Studzińska, Renata Kołodziejska, Daria Kupczyk
Green asymmetric synthesis can also be carried out in the presence of lyases; they are involved in forming the C–C bond and the bond-cleavage process. Benzaldehyde was reacted with hydrogen cyanide in a two-phase solvent system aqueous buffer and ionic liquids [EMIM]BF4, [PMIM]BF4, and [BMIM]BF4 in the presence of the hydroxynitrile lyases from Prunus amygdalus (PaHNL) and Hevea brasiliensis (HbNHL). Excellent conversion (86–98%) to cyanohydrin (mandelonitrile) and high ee values (74–97%) were obtained in most cases. Only the use of HbHNL in [BMIM]BF4 gave the product a slight enantiomeric excess (24% ee) (Scheme 12.24) [169].
Recent trends in the treatment of cyanide-containing effluents: Comparison of different approaches
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Ludmila Martínková, Pavla Bojarová, Anastasia Sedova, Vladimír Křen
The products of the cyanation of aldehydes and ketones are cyanohydrins, which are intermediates for fine and pharmaceutical chemicals. For example, mandelonitrile has been obtained by cyanation of benzaldehyde and used to produce mandelic acid (chiral resolving agent, chiral building block). This product is often required in an enantiopure form, such as (R)-mandelic acid, which can be prepared by biocatalytic hydrolysis of racemic mandelonitrile (Martínková & Křen, 2018). (R)-2-Chloromandelic acid can be prepared analogously and is a precursor of the antithrombotic drug clopidogrel (Zou et al., 2021). Cyanation of acetone gives acetone cyanohydrin, a precursor of methyl methacrylate, which is used for the production of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) known as, e.g., acrylic or “Plexiglas”.