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Metabolic Engineering for the Production of a Variety of Biofuels and Biochemicals
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
In E. coli, MG is converted to acetol by either NADPH- or NADH- dependent lactaldehyde oxidoreductase, and alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase. MG is also converted to R-lactaldehyde by NADH- dependent glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) in E. coli. In S. cerevisiae, MG is first converted to S-lactaldehyde, which is subsequently converted to S-1,2-PDO by NADH-dependent lactaldehyde reductase, where 1,2-PDO production is low.
Biochemistry
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Reaction benzyl alcohol + NADox = benzaldehyde + NADred 1-butanol + NADox = butanal + NADred cyclohexanol + NADox = cyclohexanone + NADHred 1-hexanol + NADox = hexanal + NADred 1-octanol + NADox = octanal + NADred L-homoserine + NADPox = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPred xylitol + NADox = L-xylulose + NADred D-sorbitol + NADox = D-fructose + NADred quinate + NADox = 5-dehydroquinate + NADred shikimate + NADPox = 5-dehydroshikimate + NADPred 2-hydroxybutanoate + NADox = 2-oxobutanoate + NADred (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADox = 3-oxobutanoate + NADred D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADPox = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPred 5-androstane-3-ol-17-one + NADox = 5-androstane-3,17-dione + NADred 5-pregnane-3,17,21-triol-20-one + NADox = 5-pregnane-17,21-diol-3,20dione + NADred 5-androstane-3,17-diol + NADox = 5-androstane-17-ol-3-one + NADred 4-androstene-17-ol-3-one + NADox = 4-androstene-3,17-dione + NADred 1,2-propanediol + NADPox = L-lactaldehyde + NADPred ribitol + NADox = D-ribulose + NADred 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADox = 3-oxopropanoate + NADred estradiol-17 + NADox = estrone + NADred benzyl alcohol + NADox = benzaldehyde + NADred L-carnitine + NADox = 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADred L-threonate + NADox = 3-oxo- L-threonate + NADred prostaglandin E1 + NADox = 15-oxo-prostaglandin E1 + NADred 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADPox = sepiapterin + NADPred glycine + acetaldehyde = L-threonine sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-xylulose 5-phosphate acetyl-CoA + choline = CoA + O-acetylcholine acetyl-CoA + acyl-carrier protein = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein] UDPglucose + D-fructose = UDP + sucrose cellobiose + orthophosphate = D-glucose + -D-glucose 1-phosphate laminaritriose + orthophosphate = laminaribiose + -D-glucose 1-phosphate ,-trehalose + orthophosphate = D-glucose + -D-glucose 1-phosphate UDPglucose + sinapate = UDP + 1-sinapoyl-D-glucose inosine + orthophosphate = hypoxanthine + -D-ribose 1-phosphate xanthosine + orthophosphate = xanthine + -D-ribose 1-phosphate uridine + orthophosphate = uracil + -D-ribose 1-phosphate adenine + 5-phospho--D-ribose 1-diphosphate = AMP + pyrophosphate GMP + hypoxanthine = IMP + guanine guanine + 5-phospho--D-ribose 1-diphosphate = GMP + pyrophosphate hypoxanthine + 5-phospho--D-ribose 1-diphosphate = IMP + pyrophosphate ATP + ammonium carbamate = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate ATP + creatine = ADP + phosphocreatine ATP + L-arginine = ADP + N -phospho-L-arginine
Boiling points of the propylene glycol + glycerol system at 1 atmosphere pressure: 188.6–292 °C without and with added water or nicotine
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
Anna K. Duell, James F. Pankow, Samantha M. Gillette, David H. Peyton
1H NMR spectroscopy has been shown to be useful for evaluating PG + GL e-liquid degradation during e-cigarette vaping (Jensen et al., 2015, 2017). Samples vaporized using a KangerTech KBOX Mini in combination with a KangerTech Subtank Mini were analyzed by NMR and degradation was examined as a function of added water. Degradation was considered by examining aldehyde peaks (propanal, acetaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, lactaldehyde, and acrolein) and PG and/or GL formaldehyde hemiacetal peaks and were identified based on chemical shifts and splitting patterns (Jensen et al., 2017). Based on the micro-scale BP trials (section Micro-scale boiling point trials), the “2.5” and “5 mol% added water” conditions would lower the BPs by ∼10° and ∼20°, respectively. We hypothesized that lowering the BP could decrease degradation production because a lower temperature would be required for aerosolization. Spectra were normalized using the PG and GL peaks so that degradation could be compared between samples. However, no significant and reproducible effect on degradation quantities was seen upon the addition of 5, 10, or 15 mol% water (equivalent to 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 vol% added water) to equimolar PG + GL (Figure S1). We found that up to 15 mol% added water had no significant impact on degradation production. The %-trapped aerosol ((absolute value of the change in the vial mass/absolute value of the change in tank mass)*100) was determined for each of the four conditions per tank and averaged. Samples from tank 1 contained 54 ± 7% of the total aerosol produced. Samples from tanks 2 and 3 contained 37 ± 4% and 44 ± 2% of the total aerosol, respectively.
Metabolic engineered E. coli for the production of (R)-1,2-propanediol from biodiesel derived glycerol
Published in Biofuels, 2022
Wilson Sierra, Pilar Menéndez, Sonia Rodríguez Giordano
The initial verification of the functionality for the introduced de novo metabolic pathway was carried out by analyzing the biotransformation of glycerol (1) in the presence of glucose (1:1 mass ratio), with the set of constructed biocatalysts, using the unmodified strain as a control (Table 2). Addition of glucose was necessary for redox balance. Furthermore, biotransformation of the metabolic intermediates methylglyoxal (2) and lactaldehyde (3) was performed. In all cases an accumulation of 1,2-propanediol (4) was detected when compared to the control strain, indicating that metabolic engineering of the strain resulted in successful production of the target compound.