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Fluid Properties
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Butanoic acid Pyridine Butyl butanoate Butyl butanoate Undecane 1,4-Dioxane 2-Butanol Propyl acetate 2-Methyl-2-butanol Cyclohexene Methylcyclopentane Triethylamine Heptane 2-Ethoxy-2-methylbutane Propyl formate Benzene Methyl propanoate Methylcyclohexane 1-Chlorobutane Cyclohexane N,N-Dimethylacetamide o-Xylene Ethylbenzene 1-Butanol Pyridine Diethyl carbonate Chlorobenzene Cyclohexane Butyl acetate Isobutyl acetate Hexane Toluene 3-Ethylcyclopentene Heptane Styrene o-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene 1-Octyne 2-Octyne 1-Octene cis-4-Octene trans-4-Octene Octane Dibutyl ether 1-Butylcyclopentene 1-Nonyne Nonane 2-Butanol 3-Pentanone Cyclohexene Cyclohexane Hexane 2-Methoxy-2-methylbutane Toluene Heptane 2-Ethoxy-2-methylbutane m-Xylene p-Xylene
polyStyrene
Published in Allan F. M. Barton, and Solubility Parameters, 2018
Konno, Saeki, Kuwahara, Nakata, and Kaneka177 evaluated from studies under critical conditions the value of χ0as a function of temperature with solvents including tert-butyl acetate (χ0 decreasing from 0.60 at – 50°C to a minimum of 0.50 at 50°C and rising to 0.60 at 220°C) and isobutyl acetate and sec-butyl acetate (χ0 decreasing from 0.57 and 0.53, respectively, at –70°C to minima of 0.43 at 80°C, rising to 0.64 at 200°C). The polystyrene, from Pressure Chemical Co., had Mw/Mn <1.10 and 10–4Mw = 0.22 to 345.
Physical Properties of Individual Groundwater Chemicals
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
At a concentration of 5–25 wt%, increased the effective kill-life of the lindane spray up to 10 times. May have been used in chlordane and BHC insecticide formulations and in melt coatings for paper and cloth. In various nitrocellulose lacquers to impart weather resistance, luster, adhesion, and decreased burning rate. These lacquers may also contain dibutyl phthalate and/or tricresyl phosphate. A typical paper lacquer may contain acetone, isobutyl acetate, ethanol, toluene, and up to 20 wt% PCB-1260 (Monsanto, 1960).
Far infrared assisted refractance window drying: Influence on drying characteristics and quality of banana leather
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Deependra Rajoriya, Mysore Lokesh Bhavya, Hunglur Umesh Hebbar
The HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis identified a total of 35 volatile compounds in banana samples. It includes twenty esters, five alcohols, four acids, two aldehydes, two ketones, and two benzenes (Table 3). The obtained flavor profile of banana samples were in agreement with other literature reports.[39–41] Alcohols, ketones, terpenes and aldehydes are said to directly impart ripe fruit flavor, while esters are considered as the odor-impact components.[39] The key esters such as isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl acetate, isoamyl butyrate, 2-pentyl acetate and isoamyl isovalerate attributed to fruity and sweet notes. Esters (amyl and butyl esters) are odor-active compounds of mature/ripe banana fruit, possessing fruity-banana note accounting for more than 50% of the compounds identified.[40]
Design and optimization of an acetic acid recovery system via extraction–distillation using an isopropyl acetate + isopropanol mixed solvent
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
Peng Fang, Chao Yu, Zuoxiang Zeng, Weilan Xue
Heterogeneous azeotropic distillation has been widely used for HAc dehydration with feeds having acetic acid greater than 35–45 wt% in aqueous solution (Chien et al. 2004; Kürüm et al. 1995; Wasylkiewicz et al. 2000). A third component working as an entrainer is added and changes the relative volatilities in the original systems (Zhao et al. 2018a). Isobutyl acetate (Huang and Chien 2008; Le et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2008), ethyl acetate (Pham and Doherty 1990; Xu and Diwekar 2005), and n-butyl acetate (Kurooka et al. 2000; Malone 2003; Tanaka and Yamada 1972) are the common entrainers in this process. Compared with direct distillation, azeotropic distillation can effectively reduce the energy consumption and the investment costs by reducing the reflux ratio and equilibrium stages. However, when the concentration of dilute acetic acid is less than 35 wt%, azeotropic distillation and its coupling with a pre-concentrator column are not efficient recovery processes any more, because there is too much water that needs to be distilled off from the top of the column (Kürüm et al. 1995; Chien and Kuo 2006).
Extraction of Gold from Chloride Solutions Using Dibasic Esters: A Structure-Reactivity Study
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2020
Michael J. Nicol, Mmatlou P. Kganyago
As early as 1913, Lenher[9] made a qualitative study of extraction by esters and concluded that “The esters which have thus proven good solvents for the extraction of auric chloride from solution are ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, diethyl oxalate, amyl formate, ethyl malonate, ethyl succinate, ethyl malate and ethyl aceto-oxalate. It is not possible, however, to say that all esters which are immiscible with water will extract gold chloride from solution inasmuch as with a number of mixed aliphatic-aromatic esters, no extraction takes place; such is the case with methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, amyl benzoate, methyl salicylate and ethyl salicylate”. In a subsequent paper[10] it was concluded that ethyl acetate was the best extractant from a number of monobasic aliphatic esters and that the extraction decreased with increasing chain length. It was noted that diethyl malonate “gives excellent extraction”.