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Chemicals from Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Isobutane is mainly used as an alkylating agent to produce different compounds (alkylates) with a high-octane number for blending with other constituents to manufacture gasoline pool. Isobutane is in high demand as an isobutene precursor for producing oxygenates such as methyl and ethyl tertiary butyl ethers. Accordingly, greater amounts of isobutane are produced from n-butane through isomerization followed by dehydrogenation to isobutene. The Catofin process is currently used to dehydrogenate isobutane to isobutene. Alternatively, isobutane could be thermally cracked to yield predominantly isobutene plus propane. Other byproducts are fuel gas and C5+ liquid. The steam cracking process is made of three sections: (i) a cracking furnace, (ii) a vapor recovery section, and (iii) a product fractionation section.
Overview of Oil Refining Process Units
Published in Soni O. Oyekan, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process, 2018
Butane is produced with other gases in an oil refinery from atmospheric distillation units and several downstream catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, coking, paraffin isomerization, and catalytic reforming units. The listed refinery process units that produce butane are covered in subsequent sections. Butane can be disposed of by selling the gas either as butane gas or in combination with propane as in liquefied petroleum gas. Butane is useful as an excellent gasoline blend component in winter months in most of the Asian, North American, and European countries when the mandated vapor pressures of gasolines are higher than those for gasolines in the summer months. With the current drive to lower the concentrations of aromatic compounds in gasoline, alkylates produced via the reactions of butenes and pentenes with isobutane in alkylation units are premium high-octane gasoline blend components. Isobutane can be sold to petrochemical manufacturers and is more often used as feed in the production of isobutylene. Isobutylene can then be reacted with methanol to produce methyl tertiary butyl ether. MTBE is used as an oxygenate and octane blend component for gasoline and was a recommended oxygenate additive for gasoline before being replaced with ethanol in the United States due to some concerns with possible contamination of groundwater.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Isobutane (i-C4H10) has a boiling point of −11.75°F, a flammable range of 1.80–8.44, an ignition temperature of 761°F and a vapor pressure of 215 at 21°C: kPa. Butane has an expansion ratio of 1 gallon of liquid to 234 gallons of gas, is heavier than air (2.07) and has a critical temperature of 134.6°C and a critical pressure of 3,650 kPa.
Numerical simulation of condensation from isobutane vapour – air mixture
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
A. Charef, M. Feddaoui, M. Najim, A. Nait Alla, M. Hissouf
Hydrocarbon such as isobutane is environmentally friendly and its product is available in abundance in nature and has very low Global Warming Potential and zero Ozone Depletion Potential, which can be used as an alternative to many HFC refrigerants. To the author’s knowledge, the condensation of friendly fluids such as R600a has not been significantly analysed. Consequently, this motivates the current work to examine the combined heat and mass transfer from the condensation of isobutane vapour with the presence of non-condensable gas.