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Advanced Biomass Pretreatment Processes for Bioconversion
Published in Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Sonil Nanda, Bioprocessing of Biofuels, 2020
Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Sonil Nanda
The exploration of ionic liquid seems to be a novel and potential technology for biomass pretreatment to generate fermentable sugars. Ionic liquids are organic salts with enhanced thermal stability having substantial application as green solvents in biomass degradation. Ionic liquids can potentially dissolve polar and non-polar organics, inorganics and polymeric compounds. The active dissolution of cellulose and hemicelluloses becomes feasible when biomass is pretreated with ionic liquids. Some advantages associated with the ionic liquids are solvent recycling, chemical stability, thermal stability (typically up to 400°C), non-flammability and non-volatility. Ionic liquids can dissolve solutes of fluctuating polarity. They are also involved in the production of novel chemicals and materials from biomass (Yoo et al. 2017).
Marine polysaccharides as promising source of biological activities
Published in Antonio Trincone, Enzymatic Technologies for Marine Polysaccharides, 2019
A. Mzibra, I. Meftah Kadmiri, H. El Arroussi
Ionic liquids are low-melting-point organic salts, thus forming liquids that consist only of cations and anions designed to serve as liquids at room temperature or even at temperatures lower than a boiling point of water (Kadokawa 2011). Interest in interleukins (ILs) has been extended to consider their potential use as solvents for biopolymers such as naturally occurring polysaccharides, for which ILs have specific good affinities (Seoud et al. 2007). The processing of cellulose and other polysaccharides in ILs is a step toward feasible and economic energy conversion systems such as biofuel cells. Three steps are involved: (1) the extraction of polysaccharides from marine biomass; (2) hydrolysis of polysaccharides into mono-, di-, or oligosaccharides; (3) conversion of chemical energy, involving the resulting sugars, into electric energy. Biofuel cells based on ordinary molecular liquids, including water, have drawbacks of solvents volatility, short lifetime of enzymes, and even algae growth (Abe et al. 2010). Although ILs overcomes these problems, with low temperature and short time extraction, they present others such as high viscosity (Abe et al. 2010).
Ionic Liquid-Supported Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Organic Synthesis
Published in Pedro Lozano, Sustainable Catalysis in Ionic Liquids, 2018
In 1914, Paul Walden reported the first synthesis of the room temperature ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate.14 Ever since that report, the field of ionic liquids has grown exponentially and, through this growth, there have been extensive environmental and technological benefits.15 Growing interest in ionic liquids started with the discovery of a new class of ionic liquids based on alkyl-substituted imidazolium and pyridinium cations with halide or tetrahalogenoaluminate anions. Ionic liquids are generally defined as organic salts with melting points below some arbitrary temperature, such as 100°C. Some ionic liquids can maintain their liquid state at temperatures as high as 200°C.16,17 Ionic liquids are non-flammable, lack measurable vapor pressure, and have high thermal and chemical stabilities. A number of different types of ionic liquids have been synthesized and examples are shown in Figure 2.1.
Ionic Liquid Antioxidant [X][C6H2(OH)3COO] of Biodiesel and Its Theory Antioxidant Mechanism
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Yu Chen, Fashe Li, Meng Sui, Bican Wang
Ionic liquids, environment-friendly solvents, are one of the top research topics in chemistry currently. Ionic liquids have melting points below 100°C; this is achieved by incorporating a cation into the structure of ionic liquids together with an anion (Armand et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2008; Ya’aini, Amin, and N 2013). The physical properties of ionic liquids can be tailored by a judicious variation in different species of cation. In other words, ionic liquids can be synthesized for a certain application. At present, ionic liquids are often used to catalyze reactions and as a solvent (Benedetto and Ballone 2018; Khan et al. 2018; S H, Galai, and A P D L et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018). Alcantara (Alcantara et al. 2018) designed an ionic liquid to separate CO2/CH4; it is an ideal solvent. The experiment confirmed that ionic liquids have high accuracy. B Herce (Herce-Sesa, López-López, and Moreno 2018) used an ionic liquid as a solvent to extract CdCln(n–2); the ionic liquid could extract CdCln(n–2) from seawater.
Advances in sustainable biofuel production from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Denzel C. Makepa, Chido H. Chihobo, Downmore Musademba
Ionic liquids are a class of recently discovered chemicals that, at temperatures below 100 °C, may assume the form of or transform into liquids. They mostly consist of organic cations and inorganic/organic anions [129]. They are seen as environmentally friendly solvents because of their distinctive physical and chemical properties, which include low vapor pressure, high chemical stability, and non-flammability. Ionic liquids are used in several industrial processes, including catalysis, chemical synthesis, and the production of engineering fluids. They are also used in the breakdown and dissolving of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [130]. Ionic liquids have been used to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass for the production of sugars from enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm fronds [131], renewable chemicals of vanillin, syringyl and allyl guaiacol from eucalyptus, switchgrass and pine respectively [132], levulinic acid from cellulose [133], and biogas from improved anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth, rice straw, mango leaves and spruce [134]. Following their pretreatment with ionic liquids, biomass materials’ thermal behavior can also be altered. Zhang et al. [135] discovered that the Avicel and switchgrass samples had greater heat resistance following the pretreatment with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate as a result of the cellulose’s alteration in crystal structure and the removal of minerals, respectively.
Novel DABCO based acidic ionic liquid as a green protocol for the synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives and cytotoxic activity evaluation on human breast cancer cell line
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Priyanka Pinate, Sangita Makone
Organocatalysts have been widely utilized in organic transformations due to their widespread availability, potential for large scale production, and affordability. As a result, they are at the heart of green chemistry [1]. In order to synthesize a distinct class of ionic liquids, the organocatalyst 1,4-diazabicyclooctane (DABCO) is an adequate alternative to pyrimidine derivatives, imidazole and linear tertiary amines [2,3]. Ionic liquids are non-toxic and recoverable, which makes them favorable in sustainable and clean chemistry. Due to their distinctive qualities, such as negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability, non-volatility, and high thermal stability, they have received much interest as eco-friendly benign solvents, and catalysts in organic transformations [4–7]. It is possible to alter the activity and selectivity of ionic liquids by their anionic modification, which is why they are referred to as ‘designer’ and ‘task specific’ ionic liquids. Ionic liquids exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties due to the numerous cations and anions combinations they contain. Ionic liquids are able to incorporate bronsted acidic functional groups, particularly as anion, such as H2PO4, ClO4, and HSO4 [4,8–17].