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Innovative industrial technology starts with iodine
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen produced from chlorine and iodine, and an inorganic compound, represented by the chemical formula ICI. ICl comes in stable α type and unstable β type crystals. The melting point for both types is near normal temperature (27°C) and both are reddish brown. Based on the difference in the electronegativity of iodine and chlorine, iodine monochloride acts as the supply source of iodide ion. These reactants are used in the synthesis of intermediates for the X-ray contrast agents (ATIPA).
Phenylboronic acid modified hydrogel materials and their potential for use in contact lens based drug delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Lina Liu, Talena Rambarran, Heather Sheardown
Bovine submaxillary mucin was 125I labelled using the iodine monochloride method and purified by passing the protein through an AG 1-x4 C18 column to remove free iodide [44, 45]. Labelled (5%) and unlabelled (95%) mucin were mixed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to prepare working solutions at concentrations of 0.25, 1 and 2.5 mg/mL. Surfaces (1/4″ disks) were equilibrated in PBS for 16 h and then incubated in 250 µL of working solution for 3 h. Following removal from the working solution, surfaces were rinsed in 0.25 mL of PBS three times for five minutes each, wicked dry and counted in scintillation vials using Perkin Elmer Wizard 550 Gamma counter. The amount of mucin (µg/cm2) deposited on the surfaces was determined based on standard curves. This procedure was also used to determine the lysozyme deposition on a control HEMA surface compared to HEMA containing 15% PBA at 1, 3, 6, 10 and 16 h. A t-test was used to compare the two materials at each time point.
PEG-containing siloxane materials by metal-free click-chemistry for ocular drug delivery applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Frances Lasowski, Talena Rambarran, Vida Rahmani, Michael A. Brook, Heather Sheardown
The adsorption of hen egg lysozyme (HEL; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma-Aldrich), on silicone elastomers was investigated by radiolabelling. HEL and BSA were conjugated to 125I using the iodine monochloride method, as previously described [14,15]. Briefly, radiolabelled protein solution was passed through two columns packed with AG 1-X4 (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) to remove unbound 125I; the columns were subsequently rinsed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to ensure all of the labelled protein was removed. Free iodide, determined using trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was low for both proteins. The materials, having a surface area of 0.633 cm2, were then incubated for 3 h in a 1 mg/mL or 0.1 mg/mL solution of either HEL or BSA, which were comprised of 10% radiolabelled protein and 90% unlabelled protein. Surfaces were subsequently rinsed in PBS three times, for 5 min each time, and counted using an automated gamma counter (1470 Wallac Wizard; PerkinElmer, Woodbridge, ON). Adsorption of protein was measured using four discs for each protein solution. The radioactivity on each material was converted into micrograms of protein per cm2 for quantification.
Characterization of waste bio-oil as an alternate source of renewable fuel for marine engines
Published in Biofuels, 2022
Nina Bruun, Tooran Khazraie Shoulaifar, Jarl Hemming, Stefan Willför, Leena Hupa
All chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade. Ethanol (99.5%) was purchased from Altia, while potassium hydroxide, bromothymol blue, chloroform, glacial acetic acid (100% by volume), and starch were acquired from Merck. Propan-2-ol and potassium dichromate (99.0% min by mass) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich, whereas toluene (99.5% min by volume), hydrochloric acid (37% by mass) and sulfuric acid (95–97%) were purchased from J.T. Baker. Acetone (100% by volume) and potassium hydrogen phthalate (99.5% min by mass) were acquired from VWR International, while iodine monochloride (98% by mass) was provided by Acros Organics. Sodium thiosulfate (98% min by mass) was purchased from Riedel-de-Haen. Thymol blue was acquired from Fluka.