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Chromatographic Techniques for Characterization of Carbons and Carbon Composites
Published in Paweł K. Zarzycki, Pure and Functionalized Carbon Based Nanomaterials, 2020
Adam Voelkel, Beata Strzemiecka
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is one of the techniques often applied in physicochemical characterization of various types of carbon materials as well as composites containing carbon fillers. One can find papers describing the use of chromatographic techniques for characterization of such materials as: activated carbon GF 40 was chemically activated using phosphoric acid (Diaz et al. 2004), many forms of carbon being manufactured in laboratories and industry—here heterogeneous forms as coals, cokes, and chars (Grajek 2007). These types of carbon are described as graphitic and non-graphitic, depending on the degree of crystallographic ordering, and represent an intermediate between the organic precursor and single crystal graphite.
Application of inverse gas chromatography to bench scale flotation of sulphide ore
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2023
Shiva Mohammadi-Jam, Gilberto Rodrigues da Silva, Kristian E. Waters
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is a well-established characterisation technique for research into the physicochemical properties of a wide variety of materials [14]. Surface energy, which can be accurately measured by using IGC, describes the affinity of materials to water, or other solvents. In the context of flotation, surface energy is deemed to be an important parameter not only for predicting the interactions between mineral particles and bubbles but also the extent of the flotation response. The overall surface energy is the sum of the dispersive and specific (acid–base) components of surface energy. The correlation between surface energy and floatability of pure minerals has been evaluated, and it has been suggested the particles with lower surface energy have greater tendencies to attach to air bubbles and hence, they are more hydrophobic than the particles with more energetic surfaces [15, 16]. The interfacial energy of interaction between mineral particles and water can be pH dependent due to protonation and deprotonation of the functional groups at the particle surface [17].