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Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles
Published in Greg F. Naterer, Advanced Heat Transfer, 2018
When sufficient energy is imparted into the ice surface during freezing to sustain an unfrozen water layer, including the release of latent heat from the impinging droplets, then transition to glaze ice occurs. Performing an energy balance in the unfrozen water layer on a glaze ice surface, qw+ρihsl∂B∂t+ξhV22ca+12ηcV3W=h(Tw|B+b−Ta)+ηcWVcw(Tw−Ta) where b and cw refer to the thickness of the unfrozen water layer above the ice surface and specific heat of water, respectively. From left to right in this energy balance, the terms represent the wall heat input, release of latent heat of freezing droplets, viscous heating in the boundary later, kinetic energy of incoming droplets, convective heat transfer, and sensible cooling of the impacted droplets to the surrounding ambient air temperature.
Cable Surface for the Reduction of Risk Associated with Bridge Cable Ice Accretions
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2019
Lubomir Matejicka, Christos Thomas Georgakis, Andreas Schwarz, Philipp Egger
As the phenomenon of freezing rain occurs under specific atmospheric conditions that cannot be fully replicated in the wind tunnel, one of the primary objectives was to simulate ice accretion directly as a wet growth process producing glaze ice. This was achieved through controlled spraying of water on the cable sections at temperatures below 0°C. Hence, two adjustable spray nozzles were installed in the test section through openings in the ceiling, approximately 2 m from the test specimen and 0.8 m from each other. The nozzles were positioned in the test section vertically, and their exposed parts were thermally insulated. In order to create a uniform spray pattern along the cable axis, the spray nozzles were installed in the test section at different heights corresponding to the cable inclination. The spray system was connected to a desalinated water supplier with a water pump supplying the water under a pressure of 3.5–4.2 bar. The nozzles produced an undefined fine mist to fine drizzle spray pattern. Depending on the water pressure, the water flow fluctuated between 1.6 and 2.3 l/min.
Comparison of turbulent Prandtl number correction models for the Stanton evaluation over rough surfaces
Published in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2020
Figure 11 presents a comparison between the two models for an intermediately spaced rough glaze ice, a roughness over rime feathers and a smooth rime ice case. Each plot shows five results. The experimental results and the no-roughness results are used as reference values. Three models for Stanton number predictions with SU2 are compared: the Aupoix Prandtl correction, the SA Rough model, and the 2PP correction model.
A comparative study of property-constant and property-variable icing models
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Xuan Zhang, Xin Liu, Jingchun Min, Mengjie Song, Keke Shao, Bing Huang
The main difference between the PCRI-RW and PVRI-RW models lies in the rime ice layer. In the PCRI-RW model, the rime ice layer has the same physical properties as the glaze ice layer. Thus, the temporal evolution of rime ice thickness changes into