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Chemicals Industries
Published in Charles E. Baukal, Industrial Combustion Pollution and Control, 2003
Fired or tubestill heaters are used in the petrochemical and hydrocarbon industries to heat fluids in tubes for further processing. A fired heater consists of three major components: the heating coil, the furnace enclosure, and the combustion equipment. The objective is to transfer heat to the fluids in the heating coil. The heat is produced by the combustion equipment (burners), and is transferred directly to the tubes and also to the furnace enclosure, which in turn also radiates heat to the tubes. The design of all three components is optimized for efficiently and uniformly transferring heat to the fluids in the tubes.
Supporting Technologies
Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
The steam reforming reaction is endothermic and energy must be externally supplied to the process. To do so, steam reforming is performed in a furnace, called a tubular reformer, with the gas flowing through the furnace tubes that are filled with catalyst. Heat is supplied by fuel combustion in the furnace. The inlet temperature is usually in the range 450 to 650°C (850 to 1200°F) and the synthesis gas product exits the tubular reformer at a temperature in the range 700 to 950°C (1300 to 1750°F) (Rostrup-Nielsen and Christiansen 2011).
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Technologies
Published in Swapan Kumar Dutta, Jitendra Saxena, Binoy Krishna Choudhury, Energy Efficiency and Conservation in Metal Industries, 2023
Jitendra Saxena, Binoy Krishna Choudhury
Blast furnaces and electric arc furnaces are the two types of furnaces which are used in the iron and steel industry. Blast furnaces are extensively used for rotor steel making and steel roll ballets. Electric furnaces are of mainly of two types: arc furnaces and heating furnaces. The energy conservation measures and potential for the iron and steel are described in what follows.
A Truncated Transient Slab Model for a Reheating Furnace
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2023
Zaaquib Yunus Ahmed, Ilya T’Jollyn, Steven Lecompte, Thomas Schoonjans, Toon Demeester, Wim Beyne, Teun De Raad, Michel De Paepe
To develop a numerical model of the furnace, it is necessary to understand its workings. A furnace is designed to heat its charge from room temperature to a certain desired temperature for further processing. In this case, a reheat furnace heats up slabs to about 1,250 °C to prepare them for rolling operations. There are various components in a furnace that are crucial for a numerical model that can accurately describe a reheat furnace. Some of these components will be addressed in detail in this section. The furnace studied in this paper is shown with the schematic of the computational domain of the steady-state model in Figure 3. The furnace has a width of 11.4 m, and the height of the furnace varies from 4.5 to 4.3 m depending on the zone of the furnace. The slabs vary in dimensions as in any production scenario and slab lengths range from 5 to 6 m in length to a maximum of 10.65 m. The slabs used for these simulations are uniform throughout the furnace and are 9.7 × 1.3 × 0.22 m. This slab dimension is chosen as it represents the average size of the slabs that are heated in this particular plant.
Jet Fragmentation Characteristics During Molten Fuel and Coolant Interactions
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2021
Longkun He, Pengfei Liu, Bo Kuang
The furnace consists of a cylindrical graphite heater element that encloses the graphite crucible containing the melt material and is surrounded by an electromagnetic induction coil. The crucible is hung on the graphite heater element through the graphite hanging cover, which is fixed on the lower part of the graphite release rod through the threaded connection. The upper part of the release rod is connected to the rotary disk. The maximum achievable temperatures in the furnace are of the order of 2750°C. A mass capacity of 10 kg can be reached. The melt temperature is controlled by an infrared two-color thermometer and a zirconium diboride composite ceramic thermocouple measuring the wall temperature of the crucible. The crucible is released by rotating the rotary disk, then falling on the tungsten puncher with the bottom broken, and the melt flowing into the graphite funnel, subsequently falling into the water. The funnel inner diameter is 25 mm.
Property analysis of thermal insulating materials made from Ghanaian anthill clay deposits
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Industrial furnaces are devices used to provide heat for processes. These furnaces are used for processes which operate at temperatures above 650°C. Due to their high temperatures of operation, they are designed such that heat generated is retained within the furnace. The efficiency of retaining the heat depends on the insulated enclosures EMPLOYED in the furnace design. Several materials have been used as refractory materials for heat retention in these furnaces. This study utilised various waste materials such as red anthill clay deposits, sawdust and rice husk in the construction of the refractory material. Results obtained indicated that the materials studied to satisfy the physical, thermal and mechanical properties requirement for use as refractory material. The waste materials also have the potential of improving the efficiency of refractory materials. Hence, these waste materials can be used in a sustainable manner for more productive applications.