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Toxicity of pesticides
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
The most common compounds are (see Figure 13.1) sodium fluoroacetate (R=ONa), 2-fluoroacetamide (R=NH2) and MNFA (R=N-methyl-N-l-naphthyl). These are among the most potent rodenticides (rat oral LD50 0.20 mg/kg for fluoroacetate and 4–15 mg/kg for fluoroacetamide) which are also highly toxic to man. The active compound is fluoroacetate that inhibits the citric acid cycle thereby lowering energy production. The heart and central nervous system are the target organs and symptoms of severe poisoning include cyanosis, convulsions and alteration of heart rate. The cause of death is usually ventricular fibrillation or respiratory failure. There are no reports of occupational poisoning, but nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, weakness, fatigue and minor electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations (bradycardia, prolonged PQ segment, U waves) in the absence of evident overexposure to MNFA have been reported (Pelfrene 1991).
Toxicity and Toxins
Published in Gary S. Moore, Kathleen A. Bell, Living with the Earth, 2018
Gary S. Moore, Kathleen A. Bell
Many substances may themselves be harmless but can cause the formation of other chemicals in the body that are harmful or potentially lethal. As an example, fluoroacetate (rodenticide 1080) is metabolized as acetic acid in the respiratory metabolic chain causing the formation of fluorocitric acid. This substance prevents the formation of NADP and ATP through the inhibition of aconitase. The exposure is lethal in relatively small doses.4,10 Another example is methanol, which, once degraded to formaldehyde, attacks the optic nerve and causes blindness.
In vitro assessment of the dermal penetration potential of sodium fluoroacetate using a formulated product
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Leigh Thredgold, Sharyn Gaskin, Yanqin Liu, Erin Tamargo
Sodium fluoroacetate (common commercial name 1080) is an organofluorine pesticide, developed in the 1940s, and used broadly (under strict regulation) in countries such as the United States, Australia, and New Zealand to kill unwanted vertebrate invasive species (Goncharov et al. 2006; Proudfoot et al. 2006). It is an odorless, white, nonvolatile powder that is highly water soluble. As such it is typically sold commercially as either a formulated liquid to dose baiting material or pre-made impregnated baits. The high toxicity of sodium fluoroacetate to vertebrate mammals is attributed to its interference in cellular energy production via inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Peters et al. 1953; Buffa et al. 1973; Eason et al. 2011). Lethal doses typically result in the death of animal pests within 6–48 hr after eating baits.