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Osmotic and Ionic Regulation
Published in Alan G. Heath, Water Pollution and Fish Physiology, 2018
The pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate is a potent inhibitor of a variety of ATPases (Clark, 1982; Desaiah et al., 1975). When trout were exposed to a highly acute dose, they showed a marked increase in concentration of various cations and osmolality of the urine (Bradbury et al., 1987). The overall excretion rate of these cations also increased suggesting the pesticide was inhibiting the reabsorption function in the kidney so the filtrate flowed straight out. The net effect of this could be a loss of ions from the blood, although they did not measure that parameter.
Role of the gene Phlda1 in fenvalerate-induced apoptosis and testicular damage in Sprague-Dawley rats
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Ting Hong, Ru Li, Lu-Lu Sun, Jie Xu, Meng-Ting He, Wei Wang, Rui Yan, Jian Tong, Jie Zhang
Fenvalerate (FEN), a type II synthetic pyrethroid with an α-cyano group, has emerged as an important agricultural pesticide in developing countries due to its actions on a wide range of insects, superior insecticidal activity and moderate to low mammalian toxicity (Ye, Xiong, and Liu 2016). Zhao et al. (2011) found that FEN is an environmental endocrine disruptor (EED or EDC) with estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. Increasing evidence suggests that FEN produced adverse effects including developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity (Nassr et al. 2010; Wolansky and Tornero-Velez 2013; Zhang et al. 2017). The adverse effects of FEN on reproductive system include significant reduction in semen quality, decrease in serum testosterone concentration, and increase in DNA fragmentation and chromosome aberrations in spermatozoa (Bian et al. 2004; el-Demerdash et al. 2004; Mani et al. 2002; Xia et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2010). However, the mechanisms underlying FEN-induced reproductive toxicity remain unclear. Various investigators suggested that abnormal reproductive hormone levels, oxidative stress and apoptosis were considered to contribute to the observed toxicity (Han et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2010).