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Product realization
Published in Itay Abuhav, ISO 13485:2016 A Complete Guide to Quality Management in the Medical Device Industry, 2018
Special attention shall be given to products with limited shelf life. The objective is to eliminate the use and distribution of products whose characteristics have been damaged or altered. The characteristics and quality of products with an expiration date deteriorate over time. Such products have a defined period of life with an exact date indicating when the status of the product changes and the product can no longer be used; in other words, the exact date on which the product is declared nonconforming. From this date on, the product shall be treated, handled, and disposed of according to one's specifications of control of nonconforming products, as required in clause 8.3—Control of nonconforming product.
Retailer’s ordering policy for demand depending on the expiration date with limited storage capacity under supplier credits linked to order quantity and discounted cash flow
Published in International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, 2021
In the earlier decade, the demand rate was usually considered as an EOQ model which is constant, and then gradually considered as a time-varying demand rate, such as linear form, quadratic form, exponential form or others. Similarly, in previous research studies, there are many articles discussed the deteriorated items in which the deterioration rate is constant or time-varying, such as exponential decay or Weibull distribution. As the item deteriorated with time, it will decay gradually, then an expiration date will be marked. The product will no longer be sold after its expiration date (or sell-by date). On the other hand, the demand rate for a perishable item is gradually decreasing over time and near-zero when the product reaches its expiration date. Obviously, the demand rate is affected by the expiration date of the product. Thus, to consider the demand rate incorporates with the expiration date is necessary and practical.