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Endothall
Published in Philip H. Howard, Edward M. Michalenko, William F. Jarvis, Dipak K. Basu, Gloria W. Sage, William M. Meylan, Julie A. Beauman, D. Anthony Gray, Handbook of Environmental FATE and EXPOSURE DATA, 2017
Philip H. Howard, Edward M. Michalenko, William F. Jarvis, Dipak K. Basu, Gloria W. Sage, William M. Meylan, Julie A. Beauman, D. Anthony Gray
Summary: Release of endothall to the environment is expected to occur primarily during its use as a pre-emergence, post-emergence, turf and aquatic herbicide and harvest aid. Other sources of release include loss during manufacturing, formulation, packaging or disposal of this herbicide. If released to soil, endothall is expected to rapidly biodegrade under aerobic conditions. The half-life of endothall in soil is reported to be 4 to 9 days. Endothall should be highly mobile in soil; however, rapid degradation would limit the extent of leaching. Chemical hydrolysis and volatilization are not expected to be significant. If released to water, endothall should rapidly biodegrade under aerobic conditions (half-life approx 1 week or less) and biodegrade more slowly under anaerobic conditions. Glutamic acid is a major biotransformation product of endothall under aerobic conditions. Endothall is not expected to oxidize, chemically hydrolyze, photolyze, volatilize, bioaccumulate or adsorb to suspended solids or sediments in water. If released to the atmosphere, endothall is expected to exist predominantly on particles and should either settle out or wash out in precipitation. It is not expected to chemically react or photolyze in the atmosphere. The most probable routes of human exposure to endothall are inhalation and dermal contact of workers involved in the manufacture, handling or application of endothall. The general public could potentially be exposed through use on lawn weed control.
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Endothall (Accelerate, Aquathol, Des-I-cate, Hydout, Hydrothol): Acute oral L50 of this herbicide is 51 mg/kg. Dermal absorption of the commonly used salts is probably slight. It is irritating to eyes, mucous membranes, and skin, but it is not sensitizing. Mechanisms of systemic toxicity are not clear, but the CNS, heart, blood vessels, and GI lining appear to be primary targets. Poisoned animals exhibit ataxia, convulsions, shock, and respiratory depression. Erosions and ulcers of the GI tract follow ingestion. There are no standard analytical methods for confirming poisoning.589
Influence of fisheries and shoreline management on limnological characteristics of three Missouri reservoirs
Published in Inland Waters, 2022
John R. Jones, Daniel Obrecht, Rebecca L. North
Carl DiSalvo Lake, constructed in 1944 as a water supply for nearby lead mining operations, was purchased in 1981 by MDC to serve as a warm-water fishery. It is located in the Ozark Highlands (Jones et al. 2008b) where geology includes igneous rock, sandstone, and dolomites; the 4179 ha catchment is 55% forest, 6.5% open wood, 30% grass, 0.5% cropland, 4% wetland, 3% water, and 1% urban. The impoundment has a surface area of 87 ha, mean depth of 1.8 m, and a flushing rate of 7.2/yr. This shallow impoundment historically supported a well-developed macrophyte community, which eventually created angler complaints. In 2004, one-third of the reservoir was treated with herbicide to reduce coontail (Ceratophyllum) stands, and in 2014, three-fourths of the surface area was treated to reduce American lotus (Nelumbo lutea). Herbicide treatments were confined to fishing access areas periodically during 2002–2012 (including Rodeo, Habitat [active ingredient imazapyr], Navigate [active ingredient 2,4-dichlorophenol], Aquathol [active ingredient endothall], and Sonar Q [active ingredient fluridone]; Table 1) to treat American Lotus, coontail, and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Grass carp were introduced in 2004 along with additional herbicide spraying via crop dusters. Available records show gizzard shad and common carp have been present since fishery records began in 1981.
The economic value of research in managing invasive hydrilla in Florida public lakes
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2020
Matthew A. Weber, Lisa A. Wainger, Nathan E. Harms, Geneviève M. Nesslage
With the verification of resistance, research was conducted to adapt the control methods that were in use at the time (Hetrick and Langeland 2012, Netherland and Jones 2012, 2015). Research goals included finding a treatment that increased effectiveness, reduced costs, and avoided harm to desirable, nontarget plants. The herbicide endothall had already been found to provide local control of hydrilla, without causing significant harm to nontarget plants (Skoegerboe and Getsinger 2001, 2002). However, large-scale application (i.e., hundreds to thousands of hectares at a time) was considered costly (Netherland and Jones 2012), as well as risky, because treating many hectares of plants could create severe and widespread water column oxygen depletion due to the rapid decay of substantial biomass, potentially killing fish or harming other aquatic organisms (Hoyer et al. 2005, Getsinger K, USACE, Research Biologist, Aug 2018, pers. comm.).
Invasive bivalve establishment as a secondary effect of eradication-focused nuisance aquatic plant management
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2020
David L. Holbrook, Aaron N. Schad, Gary O. Dick, Lynde L. Dodd, James H. Kennedy
In 2011, triploid grass carp averaging 27.5 cm in length and 352 g in weight were stocked at 4 rates to provide 4 replicates for each of the following treatments: control (C) with no fish stocked; low density (LD) of 40–43 fish per vegetated hectare; medium density (MD) of 72–81 fish per vegetated hectare; and high density (HD) of 110–129 fish per vegetated hectare. Grass carp treatments within experimental ponds were randomly assigned to preclude identical treatments occurring in the same pond. Ponds were treated with Aquathol K (dipotassium salt form of endothall, 7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) herbicide to remove above-ground plant biomass, then planted with native aquatic plants as part of the original integrated pest management project (Dick et al. 2016, Schad and Dick 2018). Planting species, schematics, and densities, as well as results of individual species survival and growth with and without protection, are reported and discussed in detail in Dick et al. (2016). Grass carp population and mortality were monitored through the duration of the experiment. Mortality did not shift stocking rates to a lesser density (i.e., high to medium, medium to low, or low to control).