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Characterization Techniques
Published in Chandan Das, Sujoy Bose, Advanced Ceramic Membranes and Applications, 2017
Two electroacoustic effects are widely used for characterizing zeta potential: colloid vibration current and electric sonic amplitude. There are commercially available instruments, known as electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), for measuring dynamic electrophoretic mobility. This mobility is often transformed to zeta potential to enable comparison of materials under different experimental conditions.
Experimental investigation of natural convection of Fe3O4-water nanofluid in a cubic cavity
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
To validate their long-term stability and homogeneity, the particle size distribution and zeta potential of synthesized nanofluids are evaluated using a particle size analyzer (AntonPaar Litesizer 500). For zeta potential measurement, the principle of electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) is utilized, which evaluates particle speed in the presence of an electric field, and particle size distribution is measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The zeta potential measurement is carried out by measuring the particle speed in presence of an electric field applied across two electrodes. The surface charge on the particles decides their mobility in presence of electric field. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) method is based on the principle that the Brownian motion of particles affects the light scattering in dispersion and as such is dependent on the hydrodynamic size of the particles in the base fluid.
Effect of ZnO nanofluids on thermo-hydraulic characteristic of flow in a heated duct
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
An AntonPaar Litesizer 500 particle size analyzer is used to assess particle size distribution and zeta potential. Particle size distribution is determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential is measured using electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), which assesses the speed of particles in the presence of an electric field (Gulzar, Qayoum, and Gupta 2019). The thermal conductivity of ZnO-water nanofluid is measured experimentally using a nanofluid-specific thermal conductivity apparatus (Mittal Enterprises, India). The temperature of the measurement cell is kept constant by circulating water from a water bath equipped with a temperature controller accurate to 0.1°C. The viscosity of the prepared nanofluids has been measured using AntonPar MCR102 rheometer using a cone and plate arrangement with a diameter of 40 mm. To determine viscosity dependence on temperature, a series of experiments have been carried out at varied temperatures in continuous rotation mode from 20 to 60. There are numerous studies on thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids because most of the theoretical models are not able to predict them accurately as such measuring thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids becomes imperative. On the contrary other thermo-physical properties like density, heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient can be predicted accurately by empirical relation given below (Bock Choon Pak 1998):