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Nuclear and Hydro Power
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
Note: The minor actinides include neptunium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, and fermium. The most important isotopes in spent nuclear fuel are neptunium-237, americium-241, americium-243, curium-242 through -248, and californium-249—252.
The Other Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Note: The minor actinides include neptunium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, and fermium. The most important isotopes in spent nuclear fuel are neptunium-237, americium-241, americium-243, curium-242 through -248, and californium-249—252.
The Other Energy Sources
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
NOTE: The minor actinides include neptunium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, and fermium. The most important isotopes in spent nuclear fuel are neptunium-237, americium-241, americium-243, curium-242 through -248, and californium-249 through -252.
Combination of DGA and LN Columns: A Versatile Option for Isotope Production and Purification at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2021
Richard T. Mayes, Shelley M. VanCleve, Jay S. Kehn, Jordan Delashmitt, Josh T. Langley, Brian P. Lester, Miting Du, L. Kevin Felker, Lætitia H. Delmau
Isotope production has been at the heart of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) since the Graphite Reactor in the very early days of the laboratory. In the early 1960s, the Atomic Energy Commission established the Transplutonium Element Production program at ORNL in association with the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) to produce californium, berkelium, einsteinium, and fermium isotopes.[1–3] Since then, isotope production has been widely expanded to provide a variety of isotopes for space exploration, medical treatments, fundamental research, and other industrial purposes. The most common production mode is target irradiation in the reactor followed by their dissolution with subsequent separations by solvent extraction or ion exchange, the final separation of the individual actinides using alpha-hydroxy isobutyric acid eluents being done with a cation exchange column .[4–8] All the separations for all the isotopes that could be recovered from the target irradiations at HFIR and follow-on processing at the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) cannot be enumerated. Instead, this study aims to demonstrate the performance of two specific chromatographic resins that, when combined, show that radioisotopes can be recovered and purified very efficiently in quantities that can be produced in a very limited number of locations in the world.
Reactor Physics Assessment of Potential Feasibility of Using Advanced, Nonconventional Fuels in a Pressure Tube Heavy Water Reactor to Destroy Americium and Curium
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
The methods used for analyzing seed/blanket PT-HWR cores with Am or Cm target blanket bundles were similar to those described in previous studies.4,33,46 Lattice physics modeling is performed using WIMS-AECL Version 3.1 (Ref. 47) in combination with an 89-group nuclear data library based on ENDF/B-VII.0 (Ref. 48). The nuclear data library used with WIMS-AECL has data for heavy elements and isotopes up to 250Cm. Heavier elements and isotopes, such as berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm), and others are not included, although it is expected that the production of such heavy isotopes would be relatively low.