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Thin-Layer Chromatography in the Study of Entomology
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Normal phase TLC and HPTLC with silica gel plates Chloroform–96 % ethanol (4:1)Most commonly used solvent for ecdysteroid separation87 with numerous variations. Rf values for ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone vary between approximately 0.21 (ecdysone) and 0.15 (20-hydroxyecdysone) for 20% EtOH, to 0.63 and 0.56 for 40% EtOH, respectively.90 Rf values for a number of ecdysteroids run with this solvent system are also given by Horn and Bergamasco98 in table format. For normal phase separations, tanks should be presaturated.n-butanol–acetone–glacial acetic acid–ammonia (30%)–water (70:50:18:1.5:60)92,99Separation of ecdysone and ecdysone glucosides.Solvent system I: Ethanol–ethyl acetate–water (80:20:5)Solvent system II: Chloroform–ethanol (4:1)Develop plates 1/3 to 1/2 with solvent system I, dry and develop whole plate with solvent system II. If HPTLC plates are used, double development with each solvent can improve resolution. Separation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and metabolites (e.g., 20-hydroxyecdysone acetates, 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid).93Chloroform–ethanol (9:1)Separation of ecdysone, ecdysteroid acyl esters, ecdysteroid acetates Rf values for ecdysone-0.07, ecdysone long chain fatty acyl esters-0.13–0.15, ecdysone 22-acetate – 0.09, ecdysone 2(3)–acetate – 0.25; additional Rf values for other ecdysteroids are given by Dinan.95
A comparative study on aquatic toxicity of chemically-synthesized and green synthesis silver nanoparticles on daphnia magna
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Feyza Içoglu Aksakal, Asli Yilmaz, Kubra Koc, Selçuk Özdemir
cyp314 is a member of mitochondrial CYPs and takes part in the conversion of ecdysone to its active form (Rewitz and Gilbert 2008). In arthropods, ecdysteroids hormones act as the activator of ecdysteroids receptor and control the regulation of gene expression relevant to development and reproduction (Liu et al. 2019). Thus, it is highly reasonable to expect that the expression of cyp314 is well-correlated with reproduction changes. It has been reported that the cyp314 gene can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the effects of environmental pollutants on D. magna molting (Blewett et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2017b, 2019). In this study, no significant change was detected in the expression level of cyp314 after the Gr-AgNPs application (Figure 3d). It seems that the presence of Gr-AgNPs did not affect the ecydsis in D. magna.