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History of Ceramics
Published in David W. Richerson, William E. Lee, Modern Ceramic Engineering, 2018
David W. Richerson, William E. Lee
One type of kiln developed in southern China during the Song (Sung) Dynasty (ad 960–1279) was the “dragon kiln.” A dragon kiln built in the twelfth century as discovered and excavated near Longquan was ~30 m long and 2 m wide.8 Constructed of brick arches covered with a thick mound of refractory earth insulation, this kiln was built climbing a 15–20° slope. The firebox was at the bottom and the flue at the top to encourage flow of heat through the furnace. Unfired porcelain items were each placed in a kiln furniture box (with lid) made of refractory clay such that ware could be stacked and essentially positioned along the whole length of the kiln. It has been estimated that a single kiln could hold as many as 100,000 pieces for a single firing, which represented a substantial level of production.
Hydroxyapatite and bone particle-doped ceramic water filters for the removal of fluoride and bacteria
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Oluwole A. Omoniyi, Ali A. Salifu, John D. Obayemi, Oluwaseun K. Oyewole, Pierre-Marie Nigay, Omololu Akin-Ojo, Winston O. Soboyejo
The single lumps were inserted between male and female frustum-shaped molds in a 50-ton hydraulic press (TM Torin Big Red Jacks, Inc, Ontario, Canada). Plastic bags coated with non-stick cooking spray were wrapped around the male and female molds prior to manual pressing with the hydraulic press at a pressure of 140 kPa (20 psi) to press out the filters. After pressing, the filters were labeled for identification and air-dried for 6 days in the laboratory at room temperature (25°C) and relative humidity of 40%. The air-dried CWFs were then fired in a kiln (Dragon Kiln with Sentry 2.0 microprocessor, Paragon Kilns, Mesquite, TX). Pre-heating was carried out between 450–550°C for three hours (heating at a rate of 50°C/h) to burn off the combustible (sawdust). This was followed by heating the CWFs (at 100°C/h) to the sintering temperatures of 850°C or 900°C to avoid thermal cracking of the CWFs produced. The furnaces were held at these temperatures for 5 hours prior to furnace cooling to room temperature (25°C) in air. The adsorption isotherm was determined by using Freundlich isotherm because it is empirical.
Effects of sintering temperature on the filtration and mechanical properties of ceramic water filters
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Oluwole A. Omoniyi, Ali A. Salifu, John D. Obayemi, Oluwaseun K. Oyewole, Pierre-Marie Nigay, Omololu Akin-Ojo, Winston O. Soboyejo
The air-dried CWFs were fired in a gas kiln (Paragon Professional Series Dragon Kiln with Sentry 2.0 Microprocessor, Paragon Industries, Mesquite, Texas, USA). They were then pre-heated to 450–550°C for three hours (50°C/h) to burn off the combustible (sawdust), prior to subsequent heating at a rate of 100°C/h to sintering temperatures of 850°C, 900°C, and 950°C for 5 hours. The filters were then furnace-cooled in the air to room temperature (25°C). The dimensions of the resulting frustum-shaped CWFs obtained (Figure 1) were: Top diameter = 30 cm, height = 25 cm, and base diameter = 22 cm with a capacity of 10 L. A total of 9 CWFs were used for this study; 3 filters per sintering temperature (n = 3), unless otherwise stated.