China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Orange Fruit and Bioplastics with Limonene and No Bisphenol A
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Francisco Torrens, Gloria Castellano
The identification of three kinds of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium was informed, based on deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection–electrospray ionization (ESI)/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS combined with chemometric analysis [1]. A review identified medicinal plants used by traditional healers in preventive, therapeutic, and surgical aspects in oral health, and recognized some research gaps, which further studies should be carried out [2]. Analysis of flavonoid metabolites was reported in citrus peels (Citrus reticulata Dahongpao) via ultra-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS [3]. Bigger data approach was informed to the analysis of essential oils (EOs) and antifungal activity vs. Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans [4]. The gap between therapeutic use and mode of action in remedial herbs was closed [5].
The Management of Extractables and Leachables in Pharmaceutical Products
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Edward J. Smith, Diane M. Paskiet, Erica J. Tullo
Organic solvent extracts can be analyzed for residual substances. The nonvolatile residue (NVR) of the extract can be calculated based on label weight. This provides generalized information on the amount of polymers and ingredients present. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy or Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy of the residue provides general identification of the significant functional groups of the extracts to indicated polymers and other ingredients in the label adhesives and coatings. Extracts can be then directly analyzed for compound-specific semi-volatile, nonvolatile, and inorganic profiles. Information obtained in the general screening studies can be used to guide specific studies. Typical methods used are listed below: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS)Liquid chromatography (LC)/MSLC/diode array detectionGC/flame ionization detectionLC/UV detectionICP/MSICP/optical emission spectroscopy
Fungal Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Effluents
Published in Mu Naushad, Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment, 2018
Arash Jahandideh, Sara Mardani, Rachel McDaniel, Bruce Bleakley, Gary Anderson
Different methods have been employed for the extraction of the analyte, including solid-phase extraction and solvent extraction methods, which have been described elsewhere (Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al., 2011, 2012; Marco-Urrea et al., 2009). Several instrumental analyses employed for the determination and quantification of PhAC concentration in the effluent after fungal treatment include gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection, gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-CIRMS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometric detection, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), HPLC with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QqQ–MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and a combination of techniques (Marco-Urrea et al., 2009; Snyder et al., 2003; Cruz-Morató et al., 2013; Prieto et al., 2011; Marco-Urrea et al., 2010a). Enzyme activity represents the quantity of the available active enzyme and is measured in enzyme units (U). One unit of enzyme is defined as the amount of enzyme with enzymatic activity capable of catalyzing the conversion of 1 µmol of the substrate per min at a specific temperature (Cajthaml et al., 2009). Enzymatic activities of different enzymes, including MnP, LiP, and laccase, are often measured based on established protocols (Camarero et al., 1999; Rodarte-Morales et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2013; Tien and Kirk, 1988; Zhang and Geißen, 2012).
The effect of plant-derived peptides on the hot-melt stickiness of herbal extracts during spray drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Yan Wang, Xiaohong Shi, Wenxia Ren, Fei Wu, Lijie Zhao, Ruofei Du, Xiao Lin, Youjie Wang
The HPLC characteristic chromatogram was performed in an HPLC system (Agilent 1260, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with diode-array detection (DAD) using a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) at 0.9 mL/min flow rate and 10 μL injection volume. The column temperature was maintained at 35 °C. Gradient elution of the mobile phase (A: 1% acetic acid in water, B: acetonitrile) was performed in this order: 0–5 min, 5% B; 5–50 min, 5–10% B; 50–80 min, 10–20% B; 80–120 min, 20–40% B, operating for 20 min before returning to the initial conditions. The injected solution was monitored in 320 nm for the DVD. The precision, repeatability, and 24-hour stability of the characteristic chromatogram were investigated.
Multivariate optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction for the determination of phenolic compounds in plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2020
Raquel Manzano Durán, Julián E. Fernández Sánchez, Belén Velardo-Micharet, M. José Rodríguez Gómez
Despite the vast amount of research that has already been done, there is still a great interest in the development of analytical procedures for the easy, inexpensive, and rapid extraction of these compounds. The methods most widely used for the determination of these compounds are based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and/or mass detection (HPLC-MS) or tandem mass detection (HPLC-MS/MS).[14,18,19] Nevertheless, the extraction techniques employed previously with chromatographic separation are very important in order to successfully quantify these compounds.