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Biomethane Production through Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Organic Wastes
Published in Sonil Nanda, Prakash K. Sarangi, Biomethane, 2022
Alivia Mukherjee, Biswa R. Patra, Falguni Pattnaik, Jude A. Okolie, Nanda Sonil, Ajay K. Dalai
Sustainable energy generation from alternate and renewable energy sources is a subject widely discussed both in public forums and academic spaces because of the unremitting development of countries. The need for the diversification and expansion of sustainable energy is increasing because of the depletion of fossil fuel, the growing unsustainability of the old-linear economy coupled with the threat of climate change due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this regard, anaerobic digestion (AD) has become a promising approach to produce biomethane from virtually all diverse biogenic solid wastes. It is gaining attention due to several noteworthy merits including the use of abundantly available bioresources, clean energy production, reduced greenhouse gas emission, applicability in remote areas, and widespread domestic applications of biomethane over conventional nonrenewable sources (Moghaddam et al., 2019; Oechsner et al., 2015; Angelidaki et al., 2011). Anaerobic digestion, one class of a biochemical process executed in the absence of oxygen in a closed digester or sealed lagoon, in which lignocellulosic rich organic substrates are mediated by a microbial consortium to produce biogas and digestate (Mittal et al., 2018; El-Mashad, 2013). The exploitation of biogas and the digestate further as a renewable source of energy and biofertilizer has gained attention in recent years (Shetty et al., 2020; Pellera and Gidarakos, 2018).
3R Processing for Different Types of Solid Waste Management
Published in Sunil Kumar, Zengqiang Zhang, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Ronghua Li, Biological Processing of Solid Waste, 2019
The waste originated from living material is acted upon by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen within a closed chamber. The materials that can be processed in an anaerobic digester are manures, food waste, fats, oils, greases, industrial residuals, and sewage sludge. Biogas is generated during the assimilation of organic waste by microbes. The contents of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide. The solid matter that is left after digestion is called digestate, and it can be separated as a solid or a liquid rich in nutrients that can be applied as a manure for crops. Thus, anaerobic digestion yields a renewable energy used in a variety of ways for human benefit. The leftover digestate is used as bedding for livestock, flower pots, soil amendments, and fertilizers (www.epa.gov). Different types of anaerobic digesters include standalone digesters, on-farm digesters, and wastewater treatment plant digesters.
Physical Pre-Treatment of Sludge
Published in Antoine Prota Trzcinski, Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge, 2018
The development of the novel Sonix horn has been critical. Its radial shape allows the ultrasonic energy to be focused and the intensity of the cavitation to be increased. The ultrasonic horns are positioned in-line with the sludge flow and are contained within a reaction chamber. The equipment is designed for easy installation or retrofit within existing treatment facilities. Improved solids destruction, substantial increases in gas production and better residual solids dewatering were the primary benefits observed with sludge treatment using Sonix. In addition, stable digester operation was maintained at a high feed ratio of TWAS to primary sludge. The ability to treat 100% TWAS through digestion with Sonix provides an alternative for plants that do not have primary treatment, which are common in Australia. This provides the benefits of lower operating costs, lower sludge production, better stability and the ability to recover power from digester gas.
An Extensive Review of the Configurations, Modeling, Storage Technologies, Design Parameters, Sizing Methodologies, Energy Management, System Control, and Sensitivity Analysis Aspects of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Pawan Kumar Kushwaha, Chayan Bhattacharjee
A biogas system is one of the most efficient methods of dealing with biological waste. The organic waste decomposes anaerobically in the digester, producing biogas and generating energy. Biogas and diesel are blended in an 80:20 ratio in stand-alone mode to power the diesel engine, which drives the connected alternator. Daily biogas production and alternator running hours determine the biogas system’s hourly power output. The biogas generator has output power is calculated using Eq. (13) [19, 58]. where CVBG and ηBG represent a calorific value of biogas (4700 kcal) and the overall conversion efficiency of the BG (27%), respectively. The annual energy production of a biogas system is given by Eq. (14).
Surveying the applicability of energy recovery technologies for waste treatment: Case study for anaerobic wastewater treatment in Minnesota
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Aduramo Lasode, Emma Rinn, William F. Northrop
Biogas production in waste treatment, essential for energy recovery, is accompanied by ancillary processes to collect and treat the gas before use in a prime mover. For example, in the case of anaerobic wastewater treatment, waste flows through a reactor, where the products are passed through membranes of different configuration, structure, and material to extract products for further utilization or post-processing (Shoener et al. 2016). In anerobic digester reactors, micro-organisms break down waste into simpler compounds and primarily generate carbon dioxide, water, and methane as products. Digester systems typically feature membranes that are used to separate compounds of interest and could be creatively assembled to obtain hydrogen as well (Prieto et al. 2016). Biogas quality can be improved for energy recovery by separating the gas mixture, eliminating moisture, and decreasing other contaminants (McCarty, Bae, and Kim 2011).
End-of-waste life: Inventory of alternative end-of-use recirculation routes of bio-based plastics in the European Union context
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Demetres Briassoulis, Anastasia Pikasi, Miltiadis Hiskakis
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is defined by the American Biogas Council (ABS, 2018) as ‘a series of biological processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen’. Many combinations of different raw materials are suitable to be fed to AD plants of different scales for the process with no need for drying before. Materials that can be processed in a digester include: livestock manure; municipal wastewater solids; municipal solid bio-waste; food waste; green wastes; agrifood industrial waste; fats, oils, and greases; industrial organic residuals; and sewage sludge (biosolids) (ABC, 2018; EPA, 2017c; Monnet, 2003). AD produces two main products (Eunomia Research & Consulting, 2002): a) Biogas: comprising principally 35 to 50% CO2 and 50 to 65% methane and b) Digestate: a semi-solid residue (digested solids and liquid stream).