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Organometallic Compounds as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Published in Varun Rawat, Anirban Das, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations, 2022
Garima Sachdeva, Monu Verma, Varun Rawat, Ved Prakash Verma, Manish Srivastava, Sudesh Kumar, Singh Vanshika
Organozinc compounds consist of carbon–zinc bonds that are reactive compounds, hence holds the central position in organic chemistry [40]. Organozinc compounds are readily prepared by oxidative addition of zinc to alkyl, allylic, or benzylic halides, or by transmetalation reactions. Carbon–zinc bond gets inserted to moderately polar electrophiles like aldehydes, nitriles, and ketones. Frankland discovered diethyl zinc, the first organozinc compound, in 1849 [41]. Diethyl zinc is a colorless, volatile liquid that ignites easily on exposure to air. Decomposition of organozinc compounds occurs quickly in water, so reactions should be performed under the inert atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon. Organozinc reagents can be transmetallated to other reactive organometallic species and possess good chemoselectivity. Availability of low-lying p-orbitals at the zinc center favors transmetalation with a number of transition metal complexes. There are three basic classifications of organozinc compounds: organozinc halides, organozinc, and lithium or magnesium zincates [42]. They are suitable for the preparation of polyfunctional organic molecules without using protection and deprotection steps. Hence, Organozinc compounds are not only important in organic chemistry but also work as catalysts in industrial processes.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Diethyl zinc is an organo-metal compound and a dangerous fire hazard. It spontaneously ignites in air and reacts violently with water, releasing flammable vapors and heat. It is a colorless pyrophoric liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2, which is heavier than water, so it will sink to the bottom. It decomposes explosively at 248°F. It has a boiling point of 243°F, a flash point of −20°F and a melting point of −18°F. The four-digit identification number is 1366. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 designation is health—3, flammability—4 and reactivity—3. The white space at the bottom of the diamond has a “W” with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity. The primary uses of diethyl zinc are in the polymerization of olefins, high-energy aircraft and missile fuel and the production of ethyl mercuric chloride.
Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Diethyl zinc. Diethyl zinc is an organo-metal compound and a dangerous fire hazard. It spontaneously ignites in air and reacts violently with water, releasing flammable vapors and heat. It is a colorless pyrophoric liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2, which is heavier than water, so it will sink to the bottom. It decomposes explosively at 248°F. It has a boiling point of 243°F, a flashpoint of −20°F, and a melting point of −18°F. The 4-digit identification number is 1366. The NFPA 704 designation is Health 3, Flammability 4, and Reactivity 3. The white space at the bottom of the diamond has a W with a slash through it to indicate water reactivity. The primary uses of diethyl zinc are in the polymerization of olefins, high-energy aircraft and missile fuel, and the production of ethyl mercuric chloride.
MaterialBERT for natural language processing of materials science texts
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Methods, 2022
Michiko Yoshitake, Fumitaka Sato, Hiroyuki Kawano, Hiroshi Teraoka
In Figure 6, word vectors of organometallics are plotted after principal component analysis for R-metal-carbonyl (acetylcobalt tetracarbonyl, acetylmanganese pentacarbonyl, benzene chromium tricarbonyl, butadiene iron tricarbonyl, dicobalt octarbonyl, dimanganese decacarbonyl, ethyl cobalt tetracarbonyl, hexamethyl benzene chromium tricarbonyl, hexamethylborazine chromium tricarbonyl, methyl manganese pentacarbonyl), alkyl-metal (diethylmagnesium, diethylzinc, dimethyl cadmium, dimethyl mercury, dimethyl zinc, methylcopper, tetramethyltin, trimethylgallium, triphenylgallium), and R-lithium (benzyl-lithium, butyl-lithium, ethyl-lithium, methyl-lithium, phenyl-lithium, vinyl-lithium), where R is an abbreviation for any group in which a hydrocarbon chain is attached to the rest of the molecule. Here, for alkyl-metal, “metal” is not lithium but magnesium, cadmium, mercury, zinc, copper, tin, and gallium. The scattering of vectors is similar to that of organic materials in Figure 5, suggesting that the word embeddings with meanings as reasonable as in organic materials are achieved for inorganic-organic complex compounds. Despite a vast variety of materials in organometallics, various R and various metals are possible, listing the names of organometallics appearing in scientific papers (in the corpus) is difficult. Therefore, only a limited number of organometallic compounds were used for the evaluation.