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Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Reasonably Anticipated to Be Human Carcinogens Acetaldehyde Ethanal 2-(Acetylamino) uorene Acrylamide 2-Propenamide Acrylonitrile Propenenitrile 4-Allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene Methyleugenol 2-Amino-9,10-anthracenedione 2-Aminoanthraquinone 1-Amino-2,4-dibromo-9,101-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone anthracenedione 2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] Me-IQ quinoline 2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] MeIQx quinoxaline 1-Amino-2-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone 2-Amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo(4,5-f) IQ quinoline 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] PhIP pyridine Azacitidine 4-Amino-1-- -ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazine2(1H)-one Benz[a]anthracene 1,2-Benzanthracene Benzo[b] uoranthene Benz[e]acephenanthrylene Benzo[j] uoranthene Dibenzo[a,jk] uorene Benzo[k] uoranthene 2,3,1',8'-Binaphthylene Benzo[a]pyrene 2,3-Benzopyrene 2,2'-Bioxirane Diepoxybutane 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol Pentaerythritol dibromide Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride hydrochloride N,N'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea Carmustine Bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methane Michler's Base 1,3-Bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)benzene Diglycidyl resorcinol ether Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Di-sec-octyl phthalate Bromodichloromethane Bromoethene Vinyl bromide 1-Bromopropane Propyl bromide 1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate Busulfan tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole Butylated hydroxyanisole Captafol Difolatan Chloramphenicol Chlorendic acid 1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3dicarboxylic acid Chlorinated para ns (C12, 60% Cl) 4-Chloro-1,2-benzenediamine 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene Chloroprene 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1Lomustine nitrosourea 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline p-Chloro-o-toluidine 1-Chloro-2-methylpropene Dimethylvinyl chloride 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene Chlorozotocin 2-[[[(2-Chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl] amino]-2-deoxy- -glucose Cobalt(II) sulfate Cobaltous sulfate Cobalt-tungsten carbide Co/WC Cupferron
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
The first step in the metabolism of butadiene involves cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation to epoxybutene, which may be metabolized by conjugation with glutathione (GSH) mediated by glutathione S-transferase (GST), by hydrolysis catalyzed by epoxide hydrolase (EH), or by oxidation to multiple diastereomers of diepoxybutane. Dihydroxy-butene formed by hydrolysis of epoxybutene may be oxidized to epoxybutanediol. The latter epoxides are also detoxified by GST or EH. Each of the epoxide intermediates may contribute to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity attributed to butadiene. Factors that influence their relative contributions include concentration in tissues, reactivity with DNA, and repair of the ensuing DNA adducts. Variability in the expression of key enzymes involved in the biotransformation of butadiene may exert an effect on metabolite concentrations in tissues, and on subsequent mutagenic response.