China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Phytochemicals' Potential to Reverse the Process of Neurodegeneration
Published in Meenu Gupta, Gopal Chaudhary, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque, Smart Healthcare Monitoring Using IoT with 5G, 2021
Surekha Manhas, Zaved Ahmed Khan
Allylguaiacol is a chemical compound (phytochemical) extracted from a number of plants including cloves, nutmeg, basil, and cinnamon that show anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties with neuroprotective activities. The study was conducted to examine the effect of allylguaiacol by treating HT22 cells of hippocampus with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The free radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) act as scavengers, and their scavenging activities get enhanced with an increase in the expression of enzymes, like catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), that act as anti-oxidants. Moreover it inhibits the damage caused by hydrogen peroxide in HT22 cell lines with an increase in the production of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Allyguaiacol showed potent effects by activating antioxidant enzymes with the regulation of proteins like P65 and NF-kappa beta and signaling process related to Death Domain Associated Protein (DAXX) [85]. From all these evidences, still there is no one report that describes about the regulatory mechanism of allylguaiacol toward AD.
Dioscorea pentaphylla L.
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
S. Vivek, Y. Aron Santhosh Kumar, M. Palanisamy
The DPPH is a stable free radical, which has been widely accepted as a tool for estimating free radical scavenging activities of anti-oxidants. The DPPH is a stable free radical and accepts an electron or hydrogen radical to become a stable diamagnetic molecule (Kalaivani and Mathew 2010). The degree of discoloration indicates the potential of the plant extract to scavenge a free radical due to its ability to donate a hydrogen proton. The concentration-dependent curve of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of D. oppositifolia and D. pentaphylla compared well with the ascorbic acid. The result is indicative of the hydrogen donating ability of D. pentaphylla, since the effects of anti-oxidants on the DPPH radical scavenging is thought to be due to their hydrogen donating ability (Conforti et al. 2005).
Green Synthesis of Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), and Silver–Gold (Ag–Au) Alloy Nanoparticles: A Review on Recent Advances, Trends, and Biomedical Applications
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Joseph Adetunji Elegbede, Agbaje Lateef
DPPH is a stable nitrogen-centered free radical which accepts hydrogen atoms or electrons from antioxidant materials.34 A color change in the ethanolic solution of DPPH is noticed once it reacts with an antioxidant, which is due to the scavenging action of antioxidant on DPPH by releasing or donating hydrogen to form the stable yellow-colored DPPH.174 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have the capability of stimulating both thermal and auto-oxidation of lipids, that have been implicated in ageing and initiation of membrane injury in living organisms.62 Hydroxyl (OH·) radicals have small half-life and are one of the most reactive and lethal free radicals with immense oxidative power, which combines swiftly with almost all molecules in its direct vicinity. It can cause several biological disorders such as carcinogenesis, cataracts, inflammation, aging, atherosclerosis, mutation, and cell death.143 It can readily react with superoxide radicals, leading to damage to vascular system with consequences of development of multiple sclerosis and juvenile diabetes.151 Hydrogen peroxide being a weak oxidizing agent can cause inactivation of some enzymes by directly oxidizing the essential thiol groups of the enzymes. It is capable of crossing cell membrane swiftly, and once it enters the cell, it can most likely react with Cu2+ and Fe2+ to form potent hydroxyl radicals.114
Purification of total flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba flowers with resin column chromatography and evaluation of antioxidant activities in vitro
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Ruihong Li, Ziming Xia, Ying Tian, Mengjia Guan, Yaping Zheng, Li Bin, Junxing Dong, Qingcheng Jiang, Lina Du, Min Li
Rutin standard was purchased from Shanghai Sidande Standard Technical Service Co., LTD. (Shanghai, China). 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (China) Chemical Co., LTD. Aluminum nitrate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other reagents are analytically pure and purchased from Kunshan Jincheng Reagent Co., LTD. (Suzhou, China). L (+)-Ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium nitrite were analytically-pure and purchased from Beijing Innochem Technology Co., LTD. (Beijing, China). FRAP kit was obtained from Shanghai Biyuntian Biotechnology Co., LTD (Shanghai, China). Adsorption resin D101, HPD100, HPD600, MCI, and X-5 were purchased from Cangzhou Bon Adsorber Technology Co., LTD. (Cangzhou, China). The 30–60 mesh polyamide resin was provided by Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., LTD. (Beijing, China).
Valorization of rice biomass by a green approach to release phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
R. V. Beladhadi, Kumar Shankar, S. K. Jayalakshmi, Kuruba Sreeramulu
DPPH is widely considered a promising method to assay antioxidant properties of the extracts, as it was possible to determine the presence of even a smaller amount of antioxidants by this method.[21] The phenolic compounds may be considered as antioxidants if they accept electrons and reduce the violet color of DPPH to yellow color (diphenylpicrylhydrazine).[21] The extracts of RB and RS were assessed for DPPH activity and found highest for RB (78.03%) followed by RS (71.35%) at 200 µg mL−1 (Table 3). Malviya et al.,[21] reported around 70% DPPH activity of pomegranate peel extracts obtained by water as extracting solvent for 24 h at 37 °C. The activity was comparable with the present study, the time taken for the extraction process was greater than that required for us. Hence, making the SLE method with water followed by ethanol viable for extracting antioxidants from RB and RS.
Risk assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Mentha piperita L. essential oil
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
W. M. F. Silva, N. P. Bona, N. S. Pedra, K. F. Da Cunha, A. M. Fiorentini, F. M. Stefanello, E. R. Zavareze, A. R. G. Dias
The antioxidant capacity in EOs is related to the presence of compounds capable of protecting a biological system against the damaging effect of oxidative stress, via the transfer of hydrogen atoms or donation of the electron (Oh et al. 2013). The antioxidant potential may vary among studies which may be related to the chemical composition of the PEO or any other essential oil, depending upon the climate, time of collection and composition of the soil in which it was cultivated (Mancarz et al. 2019). Several investigators noted the antioxidant property of individual and mixed terpenes (McKay and Blumberg 2006; Ramos et al. 2017; Riachi and De Maria 2015; Schmidt et al. 2009). The antioxidant potential of the PEO was moderate in the DPPH assay and very high in the ABTS assay. This difference in assays is a response to the solubilizing power of each method and response time. ABTS can be used at different pH levels with aqueous and organic solvents, thus being useful in assessing antioxidant activity of samples to be used in hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. In contrast DPPH has the limitation of solubility and longer duration for an antioxidant response (Awika et al. 2003; Oh et al. 2013).