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Recombinant vaccines: Gag-based VLPs
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
Laura Cervera, Irene González-Domínguez, Jesús Lavado-García, Francesc Gòdia
Caffeine is a well-established inhibitor of several kinases, including ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein), and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit), which are important signaling proteins involved in the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks [101–103]. This feature is able to increase lentivirus titer in HEK 293 cells [104].
Impact of stainless-steel welding fumes on proteins and non-coding RNAs regulating DNA damage response in the respiratory tract of Sprague-Dawley rats
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Jayaraman Krishnaraj, Abdul Basit Baba, Periasamy Viswanathan, Veeran Veeravarmal, Viswalingam Balasubramanian, Siddavaram Nagini
ATM is known to activate DNA damage checkpoints enabling DNA repair. ATM is critical for cyclin D1 phosphorylation (Hitomi et al. 2008). Reciprocally, cyclin D1 collaborates with molecular pathways of DNA repair by sustained activation of ATM, DNA-PKCs, and Rad51 (Marampon et al. 2016). P21 has a dual role in cell fate based upon its subcellular localization. While nuclear p21 halts cell cycle progression, p21 in the cytosol promotes cell survival (Letchoumy et al. 2007). In the present study, ATM activation correlated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis up to 8 weeks of exposure but subsequently shifts in favor of a pro-survival phenotype indicating that longer exposure leads to resumption of cell cycle progression despite cells suffering extensive DNA damage probably due to failed apoptosis. Persistent DNA damage coupled to deficient DNA repair with failure of apoptosis may induce senescence that is deleterious to genomic stability (d’Adda di Fagagna 2008).