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Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Substances
Published in Małgorzata Pośniak, Emerging Chemical Risks in the Work Environment, 2020
In the list of high-priority substances, which had not been evaluated by IARC, the following substances present in the work environment are included: bromodichloroacetic acid (disinfecttion by-products in disinfected water used for showering, bathing, swimming, or drinking; rationale: human bladder cancer),Cupferron (N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt) (used for the separation and precipitation of metals, such as copper, iron, vanadium, and thorium; rationale: various cancers in mice and rats),glycidamide (used as intermediate in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of dyes and plasticizers; rationale: cancers in test animals),malachite green (triphenylmethane dye used in the fishing industry as a fungicide; rationale: liver cancers in test animals),vinclozolin (fungicide, commonly used in the past for certain fruits, nuts, grapevine, vegetables, ornamental plants, and as a wood preservative; rationale: cancers in test animals).
Sustainable Solvent Extraction Process for Fe Analysis in Radioactive Samples Based on Microfluidic Tools
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2020
Somasoudrame Rassou, Thomas Vercouter, Clarisse Mariet
55Fe is usually measured by liquid scintillation after several sample preparation steps in order to remove interferences originate from 60Co and 63Ni which are also beta emitters.[24] After a purification step by solid phase extraction, the separation of iron (III) from other metals is obtained by liquid-liquid extraction from a 1.6 M HCl containing cupferron as a complexing agent. The extraction of metal with cupferron have been studied by several authors.[25–27] The cupferron, ammonium salt of N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine, is a common reagent for the complexation of metal ions. The anion binds to metal cations through two oxygen atoms, forming chelate rings. As a result, iron and cupferron form a Fe(cupferrate)3 complex that is soluble in organic solvent like chloroform[28] and ethyl acetate.[29] Chloroform is currently used as the extraction solvent in the CEA analytical protocol, but it is classified as a carcinogen, mutagen or substance toxic to reproduction (CMR).[30] This is why the development of a more appropriate extraction method with lower amount of chloroform or with ethyl acetate as a substituent is required.