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N,N,N-Heterocycles
Published in Navjeet Kaur, Metals and Non-Metals, 2020
Iodo N-Boc NH-heterocycles react with TMSA under standard Sonogashira coupling conditions (PdCl2(PPh3)2/cuprous iodide/triethylamine). The trimethylsilyl alkynes are de-protected with the help of tetrabutylammonium fluoride without isolation and subsequently reacted with 1 eq. of stable and commercially available benzyl azide to form N-Boc 3-triazolyl (aza)indoles and azoles in a one-pot protocol (Scheme 53). The yields are very similar for pyrrole and (aza)indoles irrespective of the position and the number of nitrogen atoms. No further addition of cuprous iodide is required in the copper azide alkyne cycloaddition step. The steps proceed as ‘spot-to-spot’ reactions without noticeable amounts of by-products and the progress of the reaction can be monitored conveniently by thin layer chromatography. Because the copper azide alkyne cycloaddition reaction is performed under an argon atmosphere, no Glaser-type homodimerization products are detected. The electron-withdrawing Boc protective group makes the (aza)indolyl iodides stable for storage, whereas unprotected iodides are considerably sensitive to temperature and light and, therefore, inconvenient to handle [104]. Moreover, Sonogashira coupling is facilitated greatly, and even made feasible, by the diminished electron density of these heterocyclic compounds.
Explosive terrorism characteristics of explosives and explosions
Published in Robert A. Burke, Counter-Terrorism for Emergency Responders, 2017
Lead azide, (Pb(N3)2), IUPAC diazidolead, is an inorganic compound. Lead azide is highly sensitive and usually handled and stored under water in insulated rubber containers. It will explode after a fall of around 150 mm (6 in) or in the presence of a static discharge of 7 mJ. Its detonation velocity is around 5,180 m/s (17,000 ft/s). Ammonium acetate and sodium dichromate are used to destroy small quantities of lead azide. Lead azide reacts with copper, zinc, cadmium, or alloys containing these metals to form other azides. For example, copper azide is even more explosive and too sensitive to be used commercially.
Synthesis and formation mechanism of pyramidal Cu3N microcrystal in supercritical fluids
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2019
Shuangming Li, Wenjun Cheng, Lin Yan, Can Xu, Ning Zhu, Zhe Zhang, Wenxiu Li, Sansan Yu
Copper nitride (Cu3N) has gradually aroused increasing concern in recent years, due to its distinctive properties and the extensive applications in different fields.[1–3] Conventionally, most of the metal nitrides are produced under high temperature (around 1000 °C).[4–6] However, Cu3N is easily decomposed at relatively low temperature.[7] Therefore, the conventional method is not suitable to prepare Cu3N due to its poor thermal stability. Gillan et al. synthesized Cu3N nanocrystalline by using solvothermal method with unstable copper azide as a precursor.[6] Chen et al.[2] and Li et al.[8] have synthesized Cu3N nanocrystals at 240 and 250 °C, respectively, with copper precursor and amines as the starting materials. Nakamura et al. synthesized Cu3N nanoparticles in long-chain alcohols at 130-200 °C with Copper (II) acetate monohydrate as a precursor.[9,10] However, large-scale production of copper nitride is still a challenge and rarely considered.