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Covalent Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Covalent Organic Frameworks, 2023
Ultrathin 2D coordination polymer nanosheets (MPc-CP NSs, M = Fe0.5Co0.5 , Fe, and Co) with fully conjugated electronic structure, were exfoliated from the ethynyl-linked phthalocyanine (Pc) polymers by Yao et al. They were prepared from the phthalocyanine monomers, M[Pc(I)4] and M[Pc(ethynyl)4], through Sonagashira–Hagihara coupling reaction. The monomers corresponded to four regio-isomers, what led to highly disordered polymers. This allowed easy exfoliation through a simple sonication procedure and deposition on graphene nanosheets ( Fe0.5Co0.5Pc -CP NS@G). This composite exhibited better ORR (0.1 M KOH) than the buk MPc-CP and even better than Pt 20% supported on carbon, good stability and methanol tolerance. These materials were tested in Zn/air batteries [14].
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Multi-Functionality within Order
Published in Esteban A. Franceschini, Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials Synthesis, Characterization, Applications and Computational Simulation, 2021
Originated from the CPs field, but rather a newly developed subset of materials are Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are crystalline extended structures constructed by linking organic struts with inorganic units (Yaghi et al. 2019). Often the term coordination polymer by itself is used to refer to MOFs. In addition, a disturbing number of abbreviations and terminology are used to define new MOF’s structures that make the literature in the field very confusing in terms of definitions. For these reasons, it is important to mention at this point that in 2009 the International Union Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) organized a task group named Coordination Polymers and Metal-Organic Frameworks: Terminology and Nomenclature. The objective was to discuss this topic and agree on the correct definitions and the usage of the term in the field (Batten et al. 2013). The final report from this IUPAC task group recommends that the term MOF should be specifically used to refer to coordination networks where organic ligands are involved and which contain potential void spaces. Therefore, and in comparison with the above presented Hofmann clathrates and [ Cu(ADI)2]NO3 , MOFs are a subset of coordination networks incorporating additional structural features such as rigidity and porosity.
Bio-Based Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework Nanocomposites
Published in Anish Khan, Mohammad Jawaid, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri, Wei Ni, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Metal-Organic Framework Nanocomposites, 2020
Manickam Ramesh, Mayakrishnan Muthukrishnan
A 3D magnetic coordination polymer of cyanide forms the smallest bridging linker to exhibit magnetic properties which is why its family of bimetallic frameworks is called Prussian blue analogues (PBAs). PBAs are photo-magnetic materials with the basic chemical formula [M12xCo1+x[Fe(CN)6]•zH2O] where Fe, Co, and CN form the base materials, x and z represent variables and M represents alkali. They are widely used in energy storage devices because of their unique properties of frameworks that facilitate a high rate of conduction [27] (Figure 6.7). Temperature dependence susceptibility of MOFM3(HCOO)6 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) [22].
Controlled preparation of a cd(II) coordination polymer via green sonochemical synthesis: new precursors for the preparation of cadmium(II) oxide
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Bagher Souri, Soheila Abbasi, Payam Hayati, Majid Farsadrooh, Ali Reza Rezvani, Roberto Centore
Coordination polymers are organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which metal ions or clusters are linked by organic ligands via coordination bonds into polymeric structures [1]. With merits of metal ions and organic ligands, and with a great variety of components and coordination modes, CPs show stability, polyfunctionality and adjustability, and often have tunable porous structures and very large specific surface areas [2]. Due to the structural diversity of these materials, they can be used in magnetism [3–7], gas storage/separation [8–12], luminescence [13–19], and catalysis technologies [20–24], associated with their fascinating architectures and topologies. Although the crystalline network of CPs has long attracted attention, the specific synthesis of nano-structured CPs seems to be surprisingly sparse. In recent years, ultrasonic irradiation techniques, due to their fast, easy, and eco-friendly processes, are applied to synthesize micro and nano-structured CPs with different sizes and morphologies [25–36]. Cavitation procedures, including bubble formation, their growth, and fast collapse in the liquid, are caused by high-energy ultrasonic irradiation and can produce homogenous nucleation centers, further enhancing the formation of micro and nano-structured materials, and inducing physical or chemical changes [37]. Metal carboxylates have been used as precursors in preparation of a number of oxides [27, 38] and other advanced inorganic materials with technologically important properties. Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with specific morphologies is of considerable interest owing to their properties and the potential to be applied in different fields [39–43].
Crystal structure and protective effect in osteoarthritis of Co(II)-mediated pyridinium-bearing coordination polymer
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Wei He, Qinghui Yuan, Haibo Zeng
Coordination polymers, a simple self-assembled material through organic ligands and metal ions/clusters, have been widely used in gas storage and separation, drug delivery and sensor applications, and are a new type of functional material [6–10]. Wisely chosen molecular construction base block can adjust their composition, functional as well as sizes of window or pore, so as to optimize and achieve particular separation of small molecules. In recent years, many independent teams have demonstrated the practicability of coordination polymers based on the transition metal ions as anticancer reagents [11–16].
Studies on the Uptake of Uranium(VI) Ions on Polyacrylamidoxime Resins Synthesized by Free Radical Polymerization with Different Crosslinking Ratios and Pore Solvents
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2011
Adel A.-H. Abdel-Rahman, Ayman M. Atta, Ibrahim E. El Aassy, Fadia Y. Ahmed, Mohammed F. Hamza
Solid phase extraction (SPE) has commonly been used as a technique for preconcentration/separation of various inorganic and organic species. SPE is used to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of the method as it allows for discriminatory binding of analyte to a solid support where it will be accumulated and subsequently eluted with a small volume of solvent. This technique has advantages of higher enrichment factor, absence of emulsion, safety with respect to hazardous samples, minimal costs due to low consumption of reagent, environment friendly, flexibility, and easier incorporation into automated analytical techniques.[8-12] Selectivity of the solid phase sorbent towards an analyte depends on the structure of the immobilized organic ligands. Investigations on the construction of coordination polymers have attracted great interests not only for their intriguing architectures and topologies but also for their applications in areas of catalysis, sorption, separation, luminescence, magnetism, nonlinear optical property, etc.[13-15] The chelating resins containing amidoxime functional group (–C(NH2)=NOH) were studied extensively in order to apply them to the recovery of uranium from sea water, because the amidoxime resins adsorb U(VI) ion (urany1 ion, ) selectively from the sea water containing various metal ions.[16-26] The research focused on chelating resins; preparation of functionalized polymers with different physical properties by changing of pore producing solvents, crosslinking ratios, which can provide more flexible working conditions together with good stability, selectivity, high concentrating ability, high capacity of metal ions and simple operation, and finally application on uranyl ions from different leaching solutions. The capacity of each resin on each leaching solution was determined.