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Olefin Copolymer Viscosity Modifiers
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Lubricant Additives, 2017
The viscosity of a dilute polymer solution often follows the Huggins equation [64] ηspc=[η]+k′[η]2c wherec is the polymer concentration (g/dL)ηsp is the specific viscosity (η–ηo)/ηoη is the solution viscosityηo is the solvent viscosityk′ is a constantThus, for a specific lubricant composition, c and ηo are fixed, and the temperature dependence of the solution viscosity is directly related to that of the intrinsic viscosity.
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Published in Michael L. Madigan, HAZMAT Guide for First Responders, 2017
Some chemical compounds are unstable in that, when shocked, they react, possibly to the point of detonation. Each molecule of the compound dissociates into two or more new molecules (generally gases) with the release of energy. Nitroglycerin: A highly unstable and sensitive liquid.Acetone peroxide: A very unstable white organic peroxide.TNT: Yellow insensitive crystals that can be melted and cast without detonation.Nitrocellulose: A nitrated polymer which can be a high or low explosive depending on nitration level and conditions.RDX, PETN, and HMX: Very powerful explosives which can be used pure or in plastic explosives. C-4 (or Composition C-4): An RDX plastic explosive plasticized to be adhesive and malleable.
Explosives
Published in Michael L. Madigan, First Responders Handbook, 2017
Some chemical compounds are unstable in that, when shocked, they react, possibly to the point of detonation. Each molecule of the compound dissociates into two or more new molecules (generally gases) with the release of energy. Nitroglycerin: A highly unstable and sensitive liquidAcetone peroxide: A very unstable white organic peroxideTNT: Yellow insensitive crystals that can be melted and cast without detonationNitrocellulose: A nitrated polymer which can be a high or low explosive depending on nitration level and conditionsRDX, PETN, HMX: Very powerful explosives which can be used pure or in plastic explosives C-4 (or Composition C-4): An RDXplastic explosive plasticized to be adhesive and malleable
Influence of a novel nano-thermite colloid based on CuO coated CNTs on the thermo-analytical characteristics of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Ahmed K. Hussein, Mohamed G. Zaki, Ahmed Elbeih
RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane) is one of the most usable explosives all over the world (Chatterjee et al. 2017), it has several applications, such as production of plastic explosives (composition C-4 and semtex-1 H) (Elbeih et al. 2020; Mahoney et al. 2010), highly pressed explosive for shaped charges and formation of demolition charges (Elshenawy, Elbeih, Li 2016; Joseph et al. 2009). In this paper, hybrid material based on CuO plated MWCNTs was synthesized by electroless plating process and employed with nano Al(100 nm) to form a hybrid thermite material. The influence of the prepared nano-thermite mixture on the thermo-analytical characteristics of RDX was discussed. This study presents a novel process for the development of a hybrid nano-thermite colloid incorporated with the RDX explosives and the thermal kinetic results of the prepared composition.
The regulation of electric-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals via implantation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) microstructure
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Zemin He, Ping Yu, Yuzhen Zhao, Qing Yang, Yang Zhao, Huimin Zhang, Shuai Zi, Zongcheng Miao, Haiquan Zhang, Wenbo Shen
The morphology of the polymer in the PDLC sample was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, HITACHI S-4800). To prepare the specimen for SEM, the PDLC sample was first cut into small pieces and then dipped into hexane for 2 weeks at room temperature to extract the LC molecules. Next, the specimen was dried for 24 h under vacuum. After that, thin layers of gold were sputtered onto the specimen, and the morphology of the polymer network was observed. To obtain elemental compositional data, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was performed to measure the chemical composition (C, O, S and Si) of the as-observed polymer network surface.
The Origins of Blast-Loaded Vessels
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
The bombs were lowered into the bottom of Jumbo, and the finished assembly contained a combined HE load of 2136 lb TNT plus an unidentified weight of Composition C-II plastic explosive. The C-II was placed in the fuse cavity of six bombs with one #6 electric blasting cap each, and additional C-II was wedged between bombs, fused and unfused, to ensure high-order detonation.