China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Atomic-force microscopy investigations of filtration membranes
Published in Alberto Figoli, Jan Hoinkis, Sacide Alsoy Altinkaya, Jochen Bundschuh, Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment, 2017
Evans et al. (2009) used the colloidal probe technique to assess the efficacy of membrane cleaning on fouling caused by the polyphenols present in black tea. Using a silica microsphere coated with a model polyphenol, adhesion force measurements were carried out with regenerated cellulose ultrafiltration membranes. It was found that adhesion forces were greater for virgin and fouled-then-cleaned membranes than for fouled membranes. Pre-treatment of the membrane using sodium hydroxide reduced the adhesion forces by comparison with the virgin and cleaned membranes, indicating the benefits of membrane pre-treatment prior to filtration use.
Adhesive Force of Single Particle
Published in Ko Higashitani, Hisao Makino, Shuji Matsusaka, Powder Technology Handbook, 2019
Kuniaki Gotoh, Naoyuki Ishida, Shuji Matsusaka
Spring balance method: In this method, the separation force is supplied by a spring. Since the spring force can be made larger than the gravitational force, this method is applicable for micro-sized particles. There are several types of springs, including helical and cantilever springs. The cantilever spring of an atomic force microscope44 has also been used. Replacing the tip of a cantilever with a spherical particle (i.e. the colloidal probe technique) has accelerated the study of particle–wall interactions.45–48
Enhancement of oxidized coal flotation by preconditioning with positive-charged microbubbles
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2020
Chenwei Li, Yaowen Xing, Xiahui Gui, Yijun Cao
Recently, the interaction forces between paraffin/stearic acid and oxidized coal particles were measured directly using atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique by Xing et al. (Xing et al. 2017b). A significant jump-into contact between oxidized coal and stearic acid was found, while a monotonous repulsive force occurred between oxidized coal and paraffin. Some pretreatment methods aimed at removing the oxidized layer and exposing a new fresh surface could also enhance the flotation of oxidized coal (Ahmed and Drzymala 2004, 2012; Xia, Yang, and Liang 2013). Atesok and Celik (Atesok and Celik, 2000) added pitch in dry grinding, followed by flotation with typical oily collectors. Better flotation recovery and selectivity were obtained due to the selective attachment of the high-viscosity pitch on the hydrophobic groups and the better penetration effect of the pitch.