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Determining Wastewater Management Limitations
Published in Joseph D. Edwards, Industrial Wastewater Treatment, 2019
The programs establish discharge limitations for a number of pollutants, including conventional, toxic, and nonconventional pollutants. Conventional pollutants include biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH, total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform, and fats, oil, and grease (FOG). Toxic pollutants include metals (such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc) and toxic organics. Toxic organics include several broad classes of organics including volatile organics (such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, ethylbenzene, methylene chloride, toluene, and trichloroethylene), semivolatile organics (such as di-w-butyl phthalate, naphthalene, p-chloro-m-cresol, and phenol), pesticides (such as DDT, dieldrin and heptachlor), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Specific toxic pollutants are called out in Appendix B to 40 CFR 65 (see Table 10). Nonconventional pollutants include ammonium and phosphate.
Determination of Biodegradability Kinetics of Rcra Compounds Using Respirometry For Structure-Activity Relationships
Published in Bell John W., Proceedings of the 44th Industrial Waste Conference May 9, 10, 11, 1989, 1990
Henry H. Tabak, Sanjay Desai, Rakesh Govind
The purpose of this study was to obtain information on biological treatability of the benzene, phenol, phthalate and ketone organics and of the Superfund CERCLA organics bearing wastes in wastewater treatment systems which will support development of an EPA technical guidance document on the discharge of the above organics to POTWs. The study was to generate basic information on the fate of CERCLA leachate organics during on-site treatment and biodégradation and inhibition data for pollutants found in Superfund site wastewater that could be discharged to POTWs. Respiro-metric biodegradability, biokinetic and inhibition data were generated for the selected RCRA benzene, phenolic, phthalate and ketone compounds and for the six CERCLA leachate organics (benzoic acid, di-n-butyl phthalate, phenanthrene, n-nitrosodiphenylamine, p-chloro-m-cresol and hexachlorobutadiene).
Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Alongside glutaraldehyde, Mellström et al.33 studied the permeability of isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and p-chloro-m-cresol. For 1 h, NR, PVC, and PE glove materials were found to provide acceptable protection against p-chloro-m-cresol along with glutaraldehyde. Isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol permeated NR and PVC gloves in less than 10 min. The PE gloves were of variable quality, and the BT ranged from 4 to >240 min for the alcohols.
The effect of refrigerant circuitry on the performance of a freezer with a tube-on-sheet evaporator
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Tuğba Tosun, Mehmet Mete Ozturk, Bahadır Doğan, Latİfe Berrİn Erbay
Standardized test conditions using loaded packages that simulate the actual operating conditions are carried out to reflect the true characteristics of the freezer. As shown in Figure 2, the freezer is filled with M-packages as defined under the standard of IEC 62552:2015, clause 8 (IEC-62552:2015 2015), which simulate 103 kg of lean meats on the shelves. 13 T-type thermocouples with an accuracy of ±0.5 K are inserted in the geometrical center of the M-packages in direct contact with the filling material. The locations of these thermocouples are determined by preliminary experiments (Sarıçay and Erbay 2014) and represent the most critical regions in the freezer in terms of freezing performance. The colors of M-packages shown in Figure 2 indicate the different sizes of packages with the same content. The filling material in the M-package consists of 230 g of oxyethylmethylcellulose, 764.2 g of water, 5 g of sodium chloride, and 0.8 g of 6-chloro-m-cresol per 1000 g. The freezing point of this material is −1 °C with thermophysical properties similar to those of lean meat (IEC-62552:2015 2015). During the experiments, M-packages at room temperature were loaded into the previously operated freezer. Then the temperature of the M-packages begins to decrease to the target temperature and is recorded during the freezing process by a data logger.
para-Selective chlorination of cresols and m-xylenol using sulfuryl chloride in the presence of poly(alkylene sulfide)s
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2020
Keith Smith, Amany S. Hegazy, Gamal A. El-Hiti
Next, chlorination of MC was investigated under conditions similar to those used in the chlorination of OC (Scheme 2). The yields of 2-chloro-m-cresol (2-CMC) and 4-CMC are shown in Table 3. Some improvement in the yield of 4-CMX and para/ortho ratio was seen when any of the catalysts were used, and in the best cases the yield of 4-CMC increased to 94.6% (polymers 7 and 14), from 87.4% in the absence of any catalyst, or the para/ortho ratio increased to 26.0–27.9 (polymers 17 and 18) from 8.3 in the absence of any catalyst. Generally, catalysts with shorter spacers (n, m = 2–4) provided lower yields (88.2–91.9%) than the ones with longer spacers (n, m = 6–12; 90.5–94.6%), but differences in yield of 4-CMC or in selectivity ratio were not dramatic.