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MOF-based Electrochemical Sensors for Neurochemicals
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tahir Rasheed, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Muhammad Bilal, Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring, 2022
Suma B Patri, Supritha M Karekuladh, Pandurangappa Malingappa, Ambedkar Veedhi
Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) with nanoparticles, enzymes, ionic liquids, polymers, or carbon substrates have permitted electrochemical measurement of neurochemicals with very low detection limits, namely, in the nM to μM range. Simultaneous determination of neurochemicals through electroanalytical techniques still marks a challenge, which has successfully been fulfilled through wide-ranging surface functionalization of recognized electrode materials and the development of hybrid functional composite materials.
Synthesis of high-area chemically modified electrodes using microwave heating
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
I. M. D. Gonzaga, A. C. A. Andrade, R. S. Silva, G. R. Salazar-Banda, E. B. Cavalcanti, K. I. B. Eguiluz
Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) have been widely used, due to the possibility of adapting their physical-chemical properties, seeking the optimization of electrochemical reactions (Fagan-Murphy et al., 2015). One of the approaches to synthesize CMEs is the Pechini method (Pechini, 1967), in which the electrodes are calcined in conventional furnaces where first, the heating of the surface of the material is achieved and then, by convection and conduction, the heat is transferred into the electrode. Microwave heating would be an alternative method since the radiation penetrates into the material and heat transfer takes place from the core to the surface (Li et al., 2016). Microwave heating results from the rearrangement of the charges of polar molecules (polarization) and free ions of dielectric materials, induced by the electric field of the microwave radiation (Ku et al., 2002). This type of mechanism causes heating in the core of the material and a rapid increase of its temperature (Menezes et al., 2016). However, thermal instabilities can occur during direct microwave heating (Spotz et al., 1995), which induces rapid sample overheating. As an alternative, hybrid heating techniques that combine microwave and conventional heating mechanisms can be used, in some cases applying a susceptor, for example, SiC, which rapidly absorbs microwave radiation and converts it into heat (Aquino et al., 2014).
Synthesis of a magnetic SiO2-HPW12O40@Fe3O4/EN-MIL-101(Cr) catalyst as core-shell nanoparticles and determination of losartan using modified glassy carbon electrode
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Modified electrodes are prepared by selective stabilization of chemicals or bio-composites with multiple properties on the surface of different electrodes to change and modify their properties [22]. For manufacture of chemically modified electrodes, conductive and semiconductor materials are used as electrode substrates; nanocatalysts, organic, inorganic, organic-metallic materials, and zeolites are used as modifiers. As a result, the nature of the changed electrode and the modified electrode have chemical, electrochemical, or stabilized properties [23].