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Production of Biopigments from Agro-Industrial Waste
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Parmjit S. Panesar, Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts, 2023
Neegam Nain, Gunjan K. Katoch, Sawinder Kaur, Sushma Gurumayum, Prasad Rasane, Parmjit S. Panesar
In non-alcoholic carbonated beverages, synthetic dyes such as tartrazine (E102), sunset yellow (E110), amaranth (E123), and brilliant blue (E133) are extensively used (Figure 8.2, 8.3) (Andrade et al., 2014). Titanium dioxide (E171) is largely used in confectionery goods. Erythrosine (E127), red (E128), and amaranth (E123) give a red to orange colour (Figure 8.4) to food items, and their ADI values are 0.1, 0.1, and 0.8 mg/kg body weight, respectively. These colourants are incorporated into daily consumed food such as beverages, candies, and meat products. Numerous reports have shown that the consumption of food dyes or colourants significantly affects the behaviour of children (Gostner et al., 2015; Masone and Chanforan, 2015). Tartrazine (E102), quinolone yellow (E104), sunset yellow (E110), carmoisine (E122), ponceau 4R (E124), and Allura red AC (E129) are the six main food dyes that have been proven to cause negative effects on concentration activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Copper chlorophyll (E121 ii) is used in fresh olives, and Green S (E142) is extensively used in canned peas, cake mixes, sauces, and mint jelly (Martins et al., 2016). Commonly used synthetic dyes are shown in Figure 8.5.Commonly used synthetic dyes (Baldrian et al., 2006).
Removing of carmoisine dye pollutant from contaminated waters by photocatalytic method using a thin film fixed bed reactor
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Carmoisine is a synthetic azo class of dyes that generates red color in foods (Scheme 1). This dye is employed in edibles for instance jams, sweets, jelly, and preservatives. Due to the presence of b-naphthylamine moieties in the Carmoisine structure, a known carcinogen that is created from the reduction of azo groups, in many developed countries the use of this dye is banned.[14] This dye has some side effects like sleeplessness and hyperactivity in children, and causes drug sensitivity or asthma, reason allergy to many people and in high doses results coma and even death. Thus, this dye should be controlled to produce a clean and safe aqueous environment using an applicable method without any by-product.[15]