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Electrospun Bio Nanofibers for Energy Storage Applications
Published in K.M. Praveen, Rony Thomas Murickan, Jobin Joy, Hanna J. Maria, Jozef T. Haponiuk, Sabu Thomas, Electrospun Nanofibers from Bioresources for High-Performance Applications, 2023
Even though different types of spinning techniques exist for the development of fibers of different sizes from lignin, electrospinning appeares to be a better choice due to its versatility. Electrospinning is an efficient and facile method for the preparation of carbon nanofibers. Furthermore, it is the only method which permits the control of the fiber diameters at both nanometer and micrometer scales.
Different Allotropes of Carbon, Their Structures and Properties
Published in Ramendra Sundar Dey, Taniya Purkait, Navpreet Kamboj, Manisha Das, Carbonaceous Materials and Future Energy, 2019
Ramendra Sundar Dey, Taniya Purkait, Navpreet Kamboj, Manisha Das
Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is demonstrated as a fiber containing at least 92 wt% carbon; however, the fiber having at least 99 wt% carbon is generally denoted as a graphite fiber [27]. In 1879, during his work on the incandescent light bulb, Thomas Edison discovered that carbon fiber filaments were found when baking cotton threads or bamboo strips [28]. Akio Shindo in Japan at the same time pursued research on heat-treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, resulting in PAN-based carbon fibers with tensile modulus values as high as 140 GPa [29]. Carbon nanofibers usually ensure good tensile properties, high thermal and chemical stability in the absence of oxidising agents, low densities, and good thermal and electrical conductivities. The present carbon fiber market is governed by PAN carbon fibers, and they have been used in composites in the form of woven textiles, prepregs, and continuous and chopped fibers [27].
Production and Utilization of Nanofibers as Promising Biomaterials
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Rodney J. Y. Ho, Jagat R. Kanwar, NanoBioMaterials, 2018
Yaser Dahman, Valdir Mota, Yan Xuan, Simon Nagy, Sumant Saini, Jasleen Kaur, Bilal Khan
Carbon nanofibers have numerous numbers of applications in many fields ranging from biomedical, filtration, drug delivery and construction of strong materials with high tensile strength. A carbon nanofiber is composed of a material called fullerene. A carbon nanotube could be single-walled, multi-walled, and crystals. Carbon nanofibers can be produced cheaply by using nanoparticles such as Co, Ni, and Fe, as a catalyst to decompose hydrocarbon gasses. Carbon nanofibers can be used to produce a material with a high tensile strength. In this study, the carbon nanolayer is coated on the nickel metal foam. Two types of layers are formed on the surface of Ni metal foam to strengthen the material.
Adsorptive removal of antipsychotic drug by carbon nanofibers in a batch and fixed bed column system
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2022
Elif Caliskan Salihi, Emine Ceren Tulay
The aim of the present study is to investigate the adsorption of triflupromazine hydrochloride from waters using carbon nanofibers. Carbon nanofibers are sp2-based linear filaments with a nanosize diameter. The parallel fibers always display a hollow core and ordering of atoms within a graphene layer. Fiber form materials are important in scientific and technological applications due to their flexibility, high mechanical superstrength and surface area within a wide range of drug delivery materials to aerospace applications. Carbon nanofibers have the potential to be the primary material of green chemistry and possible green materials technology of the future (De Jong and Geus 2000; Vajtai 2013). Carbon nanofibers have conductive and porous structure promising for several innovations for daily life and high technology products in electronics, environment, energy and catalysis applications (Hammel et al. 2004; Yan et al. 2019).
Synthesis of highly self-dual-doped O, P carbon nanosheets derived from banana stem fiber for high-performance supercapacitor electrode
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Erman Taer, Novi Yanti, Dinda Putri Azaria, Apriwandi Apriwandi, Rika Taslim, Dahyunir Dahlan
Carbon nanofibers-nanosheet, as one-two dimensional carbon materials, possess a large surface area and high electronic conductivity (Chen et al. 2022). They exhibit excellent absorption power with micropores dominating their pore sizes. The structural units of nanofibers display a hexagonal arrangement similar to graphite (Shaku et al. 2023). The interconnected structures within carbon nanofibers facilitate the transfer of ions within the carbon matrix, thereby supporting the performance of the electrodes in supercapacitor cells (Taer et al. 2023).
Application of fractal theory to estimation of equivalent diameters of airborne carbon nanotube and nanofiber agglomerates
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2018
The growing industrial production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) has led to rising concerns over the health hazards associated with their pulmonary exposure (NIOSH 2013; Donaldson et al. 2010; Lam et al. 2004). Quantifying risks associated with workplace exposures is critical for promoting worker health and safety, and responsible growth of nanotechnology industry (NIOSH 2009). Knowing transport characteristics of workplace aerosol particles is important in assessing their fate in the respiratory system of workers who are potentially exposed to CNTs and CNFs. In this context, inhalation of airborne nanomaterials and their deposition in the respiratory system is getting more attention during the process-related workers' activities in the workplace (NIOSH 2009, 2013). Some toxicological studies of single-walled and multi-walled CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) and CNFs have demonstrated that these materials can cause fibrogenic pulmonary responses, and promote inflammation, genotoxicity, and/or a potential carcinogenesis and mesothelioma (Sargent et al. 2014; Takagi et al. 2008; Shvedova et al. 2005; Kisin et al. 2011; Poland et al. 2008). Though individual SWCNTs and MWCNTs have fibrous morphologies, most airborne particles are in agglomerated state consisting of complex and intricate network of nanotubes and nanoropes. These irregular-shaped agglomerates are characterized by large open and porous structure, high surface area, moderate aspect ratio (of the overall agglomerate), and extremely low effective density that lead to their familiar floating or slow settling in air. Their overall physical size, inferred from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph, has been found to be larger by up to a factor of 10 compared to their aerodynamic size (Baron et al. 2008). Our recent laboratory study has also shown that diffusion-equivalent diameters of airborne SWCNTs and MWCNTs can be larger by a factor of up to six compared to their aerodynamic diameters (Ku and Kulkarni 2015; Kulkarni et al. 2009).