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Recent Updates on the Role of Biosurfactants forRemediation of Various Pollutants
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Nilanjana Das, Sanjeeb Kumar Mandal, Devlina Das, Jagannathan Madhavan, Adikesavan Selvi
Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide with benzimidazole group, fights against fungal diseases in plants. But, its stability and persistence in soil were reported to cause long-term adverse effects. Acarbendazim degradation study using Rhodococcus sp. D-1 bacterium was reported to degrade 98.2% of carbendazim at 200 ppm within 5 days (Bai et al. 2017). Moreover, the effect of biosurfactant rhamnolipid was tested on the extent and degradation rate of carbendazim in batch mode. Rhamnolipid was found to affect the degradation in a concentration-dependent mode. The maximum biodegradation was found to be 97.33% within 2 days at 50 ppm of biosurfactant. Moreover, rhamnolipid also facilitated carbendazim detoxification.
Reprotoxic and Endocrine Substances
Published in Małgorzata Pośniak, Emerging Chemical Risks in the Work Environment, 2020
Katarzyna Miranowicz-Dzierżawska
Carbendazim is a substance causing damage to male fertility in rats. Administered per os for 10 consecutive days to female rats in the dose of 400 mg/kg, the compound decreases fertility and even leads to permanent sterility due to seminiferous tubule atrophy. In female rats exposed to this compound, an increase in intrauterine morbidity and offspring congenital malformations were found. Embryotoxic effects were found in cases in which the administered doses were not toxic to the pregnant females [Sitarek 2004].
Catalyst-coated cement beads for the degradation and mineralization of fungicide carbendazim using laboratory and pilot-scale reactor: catalyst stability analysis
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Amanjit Singh, Anoop Verma, Palak Bansal, Kashish Aggarwal, Taranjeet Kaur, Amrit Pal Toor, Vikas Kumar Sangal
Carbendazim (methyl benzimidazole-2-yl carbamate [MBC]) is one of the systemic fungicides used for post harvest protection of crops. These are extensively used in agriculture to kill or suppress the growth of fungi or fungal spores and for treating fungal infections in animals [1]. They directly obstruct the DNA synthesis and synthesis of sterol in membrane [2]. While only little amount of fungicide is used by plants for systemic fungicidal activity [3], remnant is usually left in matrix such as soil and water [4,5]. Contamination of water, one of the important concerns worldwide, has been reported by agricultural runoffs, industrial effluents and chemical spills due to these kinds of fungicides posing a great threat to mankind [6].
Degradation mechanism and kinetics of carbendazim using Achromobacter sp. strain GB61
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2022
Geeta Bhandari, Pankaj Bhatt, Saurabh Gangola, Anjana Srivastava, Anita Sharma
Carbendazim is a widely employed benzimidazole fungicide for controlling diseases on various crops and medicinal plants (Fang et al. 2010) and 1992 tonnes of it is consumed annually in India (Bhushan, Bhardwaj, and Misra 2013; Bhatt et al. 2019). It is also produced as a metabolite by two other extensively used fungicides: benomyl and thiophanate methyl (Boudina et al. 2003). It shows high chemical stability and persistence in the environment with a long half-life varying to about 3 days to 12 months in soil (Zhang et al. 2017). Being highly persistent, carbendazim residues are found in high concentration in the soil, and get transferred along the food chain resulting in bioaccumulation and biomagnification. It is a toxic organic compound which adversely impacts the aquatic organisms such as zooplankton, primary producers, and freshwater macroinvertebrates (Alvarado-Gutiérrez et al. 2020). Numerous toxic effects of carbendazim have been reported in both humans and animals: impact on humoral immunity, shedding of reproductive cells (Nakai et al. 2002), gametogenic deficiency (Yu et al. 2009), harmful effects on reproduction (Rajeswary et al. 2007), endocrinal disruption in humans and impact on reproductive development of animals (Morinaga et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2013). Several studies have reported carbendazim to be a probable human carcinogen (Goodson et al. 2015). World Health Organization (WHO) has classified carbendazim and carbomyl in the hazardous category. Australia, European Union and USA have banned carbendazim pertaining to its severe toxic effects and highly recalcitrant nature (Zhang et al. 2013; Huan et al. 2016). Thus, there is an urgent need for remediation strategies for carbendazim. Bioremediation is an economic and environmentally friendly method for the degradation of organic pollutants (Bhatt et al. 2019). Microbial metabolism plays significant role in the biodegradation of pesticides and transforms them to environmentally acceptable nontoxic forms (Erguven et al. 2021; Bhatt et al. 2020e). The microbial strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis CB11 (Holtman and Kobayashi 1997), Rhodococcus erythropolis djl-11 (Zhang et al. 2013), Rhodococcus jialingiae djl-6-2 (Wang et al. 2010), Rhodococcus qingshengii djl-6 (Xu et al. 2006), Pseudomonas luteola (Kalwasinska, Kesy, and Donderski 2008a; Kalwasinska et al. 2008b), Pseudomonas sp. (Fang et al. 2010) CBW and P. fluorescens (Huan et al. 2016) found effective for carbendazim bioremediation.