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Published in Ozcan Konur, Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2017
Propanediol and butanediol are two common diols that are high-value products useful in production of polymers, composites, adhesives, coatings, polyesters, and solvents, among others. Production of 1,3-propanediol was demonstrated by Zhou et al. (2013) using electrical current to increase yield from glycerol. The fermentation pathways were altered from production of propionate to 1,3-propanediol, increasing the yield from 24.8% to 50.1%. They used a mixed culture and demonstrated that the electrofermentation strategy also works with consortia. Choi et al. (2014) also reported production of 1,3-propanediol using the C. pasteurianum biocatalyst they used for production of butanol. Apparently, the microbe can also use glycerol as a substrate and direct it to produce 1,3-propanediol. A 21% increase in its yield was reported based on NADH turnover in the electrically enhanced system.
Catalyst Needs and Perspective for Integrating Biorefineries within the Refinery Value Chain
Published in Deniz Uner, Advances in Refining Catalysis, 2017
Paola Lanzafame, Siglinda Perathoner, Gabriele Centi
The third alternative is the conversion of butanediol to butadiene, which is investigated by companies such as LanzaTech and Genomatica/Versalis. 1,3-, 1,4-, or 2,3-butanediol could be dehydrated to butadiene over acid catalysts, but various by-products (unsaturated alcohols, ketones, etc.) form and the reaction is thus more challenging with respect to ethanol dehydration. Acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation with wild and genetically modified strains (from the Clostridium family) is known for a long time but has received renewed interest recently. However, there are still many aspects to improve in order to produce n-butanol at commercially attractive prices, such as (1) improving yields of butanol, (2) expanding substrate utilization, and (3) minimizing energy consumption during separation and purification. Cost of n-butanol is thus still high and therefore it is necessary to develop microorganisms able to give the selective fermentation to butanol to make the synthesis competitive.
Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
The first step is the liquid-phase addition of acetic acid to butadiene. The acetoxylation reaction occurs at approximately 80°C (176°F) and 400 psi over a Pd-Te catalyst system. The reaction favors the 1,4-addition product (l,4-diacetoxy-2-butylene). Hydrogenation of diacetoxy butylene at 80°C (176°F) and 900 psi over a Ni/Zn catalyst yields 1,4-diacetoxybutane. The latter compound is hydrolyzed to 1,4-butanediol and acetic acid. The acetic acid is then recovered and recycled. Butanediol is mainly used for the production of thermoplastic polyesters.
Acetic acid acting as a signaling molecule in the quorum sensing system increases 2,3-butanediol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Chi Zhang, Xiaohang Zhou, Tianqi Tong, Jingping Ge
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is widely used in many chemical syntheses and serves as an important chemical raw material.[1] Currently, with the gradual depletion of oil, interest in the production of biobased chemicals such as 2,3-BD has been renewed.[2,3] However, traditional 2,3-BD fermentation processes are characterized by low productivity and purity and are expensive for industrial production. In recent years, the use of biological methods to produce 2,3-BD and other products has attracted attention. Among the 2,3-BD-producing bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli showed an advantage in producing 2,3-BD.[4,5] However, due to its compliance with the principle of safe production, S. cerevisiae has become the main platform microorganism for many related studies.[6] However, S. cerevisiae uses glucose fermentation to produce 2,3-BD, which is usually accompanied by the formation of various metabolites and byproducts (Figure 1), such as ethanol and glycerol, competing for carbon sources in metabolic pathways. Finally, the yield of 2,3-BD is low. Therefore, the development of an efficient and stable production method is urgently needed.