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Medicinal Plants in Natural Health Care as Phytopharmaceuticals
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Bixa orellana is a plant native to Brazil but grows in other regions of South and Central America. It is grown in tropical countries such as Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Indonesia, India, Kenya and East Africa. It is a small evergreen tree; leaves large, cordate acuminate, glaborous on both surface; flowers whire and pink in terminal panicles; fruits reddish brown or green capsules, clothed with soft bristles; seeds trigonous covered with a red pulp. The seeds are considered the plant part of commercial importance, since the pericarp (layer that surrounds the seeds) contains the pigments that have wide industrial application. About 80% of this pigment is the carotenoid known as bixin, which has the dye property and can be extracted with vegetable oils or chemical bases. Depending on the cultivar and climatic conditions of the region, the bixin content can vary from 1% to 6% in the seed aril. The remainder is composed of other dyes and inert substances of minor importance (Raddatz-Mota et al., 2017).
Adsorption of natural annatto dye by kaolin: kinetic and equilibrium
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Munique Dias, Alexsandra Valério, Débora de Oliveira, Antônio A. Ulson de Souza, Selene M. Guelli U. de Souza
Rahmalia et al. [39] reported the adsorption of bixin in aprotic solvents onto acid- and alkali-treated kaolinite was investigated. The author reported that dye adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and was faster in acetone than in dimethyl carbonate. In both of the solvents, the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model and adsorption capacity was higher in dimethyl carbonate (qmax = 0.43 mgg−1) than in acetone (qmax = 0.29 mgg−1).