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Hydrogen and Electricity Production from Oil and Gas Wastes
Published in Wael Ahmed Ismail, Jonathan Van Hamme, Hydrocarbon Biotechnology, 2023
Scott J. Satinover, Abhijeet P. Borole
As suggested earlier, the application of BESs for treating oil and gas industry wastes is relatively new. Since the state-of-the-art of BES technology is more advanced for non-petroleum waste streams, insights from parallel studies using other waste streams can be useful. Several reviews have been published, which focus on specific parameters relevant for reactor design and process operation, reactor materials, or type of substrates used previously in BESs (Rabaey et al., 2010a; Kadier et al., 2014, 2016; Sharma et al., 2014; Pandey et al., 2016; Popat and Torres, 2016). These references are mined for knowledge to discuss potential improvements in the performance of BESs for applications in the oil and gas industry. The sections below focus on the bioreactor design parameters for the treatment of oil and gas industry wastes for different cell configurations, with particular attention to those important for optimization of bioelectrochemical reactor performance. In addition to BESs mentioned in the prior section, other forms of biological reactors are also included to compare with the BES rectors, providing perspective on the relevance of BESs for treatment of oil and gas sector waste streams.
Integration of Membrane Bioreactor with Various Wastewater Treatment Systems
Published in Zainura Zainon Noor, Noor Salehan Mohammad Sabli, Sustainable Water Treatment, 2017
Chin Hong Neoh, Zainura Zainon Noor, Cindy Lee Ik Sing, Florianna Lendai Michael Mulok, Noor Salehan Mohammad Sabli
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioelectrochemical device which uses microorganisms as catalyst to convert the chemical energy in organic matters into electrical energy. It is generally composed of two chambers; an anode chamber where the oxidation of organic compounds takes place under anaerobic condition and a cathode chamber where the oxygen or ferricyanide is reduced under aerobic condition (Figure 6.2) (Min and Angelidaki, 2008). The two anode and cathode chambers are normally separated by a permeable membrane. In other words, an MFC acts as an inexpensive biosensor and can provide clean and safe energy, quiet performance, low emissions, and ease in operating, apart from treatment of wastewater (J. Wang et al., 2014). One of the restrictions in the application of MBR is the high energy consumption, estimated at 0.8–1.1 kWh/m3 (J. Li et al., 2014). Thus, the integration of MFC with MBR is recommended since the energy consumption of MBR can be further lowered. However, MFC alone leads to low efficiency treatment and poor effluent quality due to limited biomass retention (Logan, 2008). Effluent from MFC alone still contains a certain amount of suspended solids and the remaining contaminants need further treatment before being discharged. The combination of the MBR–MFC system, known as electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) or membrane bioelectrochemical reactor (MBER) or bioelectrochemically assisted membrane bioreactor (BEAMBR) offers a convincing option for wastewater treatment and energy recovery. The types of cathode, anode, membrane, and power density generated in each MFC–MBR system were listed in Table 6.2.
Simultaneous treatment of lipid rich ghee industry wastewater and power production in algal biocathode based microbial fuel cell
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Elangovan Elakkiya, Subramaniapillai Niju
The results from our study indicate that the incorporation of microalgae-based secondary treatment in the cathode chamber of dual-chambered MFC resulted in improving the treatment efficiency of bioelectrochemical reactor. Though the primary aim of wastewater treatment could be realized with these reactors, further widening the economic remunerations would assure its future in waste management process. Utilization of microalgal biomass produced in cathode chamber for biodiesel production has been represented as the chief economic outcome of operating these units in wastewater treatment plants. Bacterial communities have both proved to have antagonist and synergistic effect on microalgal growth in cathode chamber of MFC. Microbial community analysis of anode and cathode camber microbes would aid us to understand the complex interaction between them. Further studies on identifying and screening the existing cathodic microbial community for high lipid yielding strains are to be made. Further based on community analysis, strategies and modifications to enhance the lipid yield in cathodic microalgae with supplementary carbon dioxide sequestration are to be made.