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Potential application of Bioactive Compounds from agroindustrial Waste in the Cosmetic Industry
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Francisca Rodrigues, Ana F. Vinha, M. Antónia Nunes, M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
Medicago species are important sources of phytochemicals, including carotenoids, saponins or phytoestrogens, which are known as antimicrobial agents, phytoanticipins, phytoalexins, structural barriers, modulators of pathogenicity, plant defence gene activators or fungitoxic agents (Barreira et al. 2015, Silva et al. 2013, Visnevschi- Necrasov et al. 2015, Von Baer et al. 2006). Over this panoply of compounds, phytoestrogens are the most suitable for cosmetic products. Phytoestrogen is a general term used to define a wide variety of compounds that are non-steroidal and are either of plant origin or derived from the in vivo metabolism of several plants used as food (Brzezinski and Debi 1999). Isoflavones are phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and structural similarity to estradiol molecule (Bacaloni et al. 2005, Tham et al. 1998), being primarily found in plants of the Fabaceae family (Fletcher 2003). A number of epidemiological studies associate the consumption of isoflavone-rich foods with low incidence of the major hormone-dependent cancers (Adlercreutz 1995), cardiovascular diseases (Clarkson et al. 1995), osteoporosis (Tham et al. 1998) and climacteric complaints (Adlercreutz et al. 1992). Because of their structural similarity to ß-estradiol, health benefits of isoflavones have been evaluated in age- related and hormone-dependent diseases (Moraes et al. 2009). These compounds are largely described as in red clover, other Leguminosae plant (Delmonte et al. 2006, Klejdus et al. 2001, Mazur et al. 1998, Wu et al. 2003). Biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy- 4’-methoxyisoflavone) and formononetin (7-hydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavone) are methylated precursors of genistein and daidzein, respectively, present in high amounts in red clover (Krenn et al. 2002, Wu et al. 2003). Rodrigues et al. evaluated extracts from seven species of Medicago (M. minima, M. tornata, M. truncatula, M. rigidula, M. scutelata, M. segitalis and M. sativa) and demonstrated their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with low cytotoxic potential for skin cells (Rodrigues et al. 2013). Also, the isoflavones content was reported (Rodrigues et al. 2014a).
Nanophytopharmaceuticals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Alka Mukne, Swapna Nair, Misbah Momin
Triptolide, a component present in Tripterygium wilfondil, is a traditional Chinese medicine used as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antifertility, and antineoplastic agent. The clinical use of triptolide is limited due to its poor water solubility and toxic effect on the gastrointestinal, urogenital, bone marrow, cardiovascular, and circulatory systems. Zhang et al. (2013) prepared triptolide-loaded SLNs by using different quantities of Compritol® 888 (solid lipid), Cremophor® RH40 (surfactant), and Lipoid® E dissolved in Transcutol® HP (cosurfactant). Gastric mucosa irritation caused by the SLNs was assessed by administering the formulation to rats. After oral administration of triptolide-loaded SLNs and triptolide solution in rats, it was observed that in contrast to triptolide solution, triptolide-loaded SLNs did not cause neutrophil infiltration, hyperemia, or any marked changes in the histology of gastric mucosa of rats. Tao et al. (2012) prepared SLNs of biochanin A. Biochanin A, a constituent present in various plants—including red clover, cabbage, and alfalfa—is a phytoestrogen and has various pharmacological activities, such as inhibition of melanogenesis, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and protection of dopaminergic neurons. SLNs were prepared by emulsion-evaporation and low temperature-solidification techniques using glycerol monostearate, lecithin as the lipid phase, and Tween® 80/Pluronic® F-68 mixture as the aqueous phase. The formulation showed a sustained release of biochanin A, with approximately 95% drug release in 48 h. Ratcharin et al. (2012) prepared Zingiber officinale extract-loaded SLNs using stearic acid as the lipid, Cremophor® RH40 as surfactant, and ethanol as cosurfactant. Zingiber officinale (ginger) has reported anti-inflammatory activity, with gingerols as the major active constituent. Gingerols, however, are unstable in the presence of light and air, and SLNs of ginger extract were formulated to overcome the photostability issues. Reduction in particle size was observed when the surfactant and cosurfactant concentrations were increased with a concomitant increase in entrapment efficiency. Vitthal et al. (2013) prepared SLNs loaded with bacoside by a microemulsion probe sonication method. Bacoside, a triterpenoid saponin present in Bacopa monniera (Brahmi), is a dose-dependent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase and is indicated in the treatment of brain- and memory-related disorders. Bacoside when administered orally is unable to reach the site of action due to its inability to cross the BBB. SLNs of bacoside were prepared using polysorbate 80 in water as the aqueous phase and stearic acid as the lipid phase. The drug release from the SLNs was found to follow zero-order kinetics with approximately 85% of the drug released within 12 h from the SLNs.
Biochanin A prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced adipocyte dysfunction in cultured 3T3-L1 cells
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Eun Mi Choi, Kwang Sik Suh, So Young Park, Sang Ouk Chin, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon
Bio-flavonoids comprise a group of phenolic secondary metabolites in plants. Flavonoids act as insulin secretagogues or insulin mimetics, probably by influencing the pleiotropic mechanisms, to attenuate diabetic complications.[9] Flavonoids improve glucose metabolism and the lipid profile, and regulate hormones and enzymes in the body. As a result, flavonoids are regarded as promising and significantly attractive natural substances to protect against diabetes and its complications. Biochanin A, an O-methylated isoflavone, is found in red clover, soy, alfalfa sprouts, peanuts, chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), and other legumes.[10] Biochanin A has beneficial effects on human health, including prevention of cancers, heart disease, menopausal symptoms, and osteoporosis.[11] Harini et al.[12] showed that biochanin A has potential antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Shen et al.[13] reported that biochanin A is a potent activator of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) with PPARα/PPARγ activity and induces differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting the potential value of biochanin A as an antidiabetic agent and regulator of lipid metabolism. Hence, our study evaluated the efficacy of biochanin A in TCDD-induced dysfunction in 3T3-L1 cells.
Ultrasound-assisted Aliquat 336 functionalized natural resin for improved removal of Bisphenol-A and Biochanin-A from aqueous solution
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Sakshi Batra, Govind Singh Selakoti, Anusha Jain, Shubham Malhotra, Akshita Lodha, Niksha Lamba, Dipaloy Datta
Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs) are the major part of persistent micro-contaminants, which adversely affect human health as well as aquatic organisms. Based on the chemical compositions, EDCs can be classified into various types, namely, pharmaceuticals, phytoestrogens, xenoestrogens, organohalogens, pesticides, persistent organochlorines, heavy metals, plasticizers, alkylphenols, etc. (Auriol et al. 2006). They are released into the environment mostly through industrial effluents and wastewater. One of the most harmful and actively found EDC is Bisphenol-A (BPA) which is a xenoestrogen and has two phenyl rings (Radwan et al. 2020). BPA is actively used in the manufacturing of dyes, paints, compact disks, paper coatings, epoxy resins, retardants, adhesives, polycarbonates, plastic items (bottles, food containers, spoon, and fork), and in the coating of paper (Dietrich et al. 2017). Exposure to a low dose of BPA may harm the prostate gland and endocrine system of the body. Due to exposure to BPA, many health problems like obesity, thyroid disorders, cancer, etc. were observed in the males and females (Marinsky and Marcus 1997; Sweeney et al. 2016). Plants are the main source of phytoestrogens, and they are mainly classified into two classes like isoflavone and ligands. Biochanin-A (BA) is a phytoestrogen and a member of the o-methylated isoflavone group. The structure of BA is similar to the 17-β-estradiol (estrogens), and the main source of BA is the 4-o-methyl genistein derivative. It is mainly present in food products like soya, red clover, and alfalfa in very high concentrations, and is exposed to the human body through diet. Exposure to BA causes an estrogenic impact on the reproductive system of humans and wildlife (zebrafish, brown trouts, and Salmo trutta). Recent works of the literature suggest that high levels of BA were detected in the water and sediments at the creek and pond sites seeping into our daily lives (Kaur 2015; Xue et al. 2017; Goyal et al. 2019, 2016).