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Long-Term Toxicity and Regulations for Bioactive-Loaded Nanomedicines
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Iqbal Ahmad, Sobiya Zafar, Shakeeb Ahmad, Suma Saad, S. M. Kawish, Sanjay Agarwal, Farhan Jalees Ahmad
Resveratrol, a compound found in grapes, mulberries, and peanuts, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic properties. The dose-limiting toxicity studies were carried out for determining any potential toxicity associated with resveratrol. A dose of 3000 mg/Kg body weight (BW) for 28 days caused nephrotoxicity in rats, evident with an enhanced level of serum BUN and creatinine levels, increased kidney weights, and gross renal pathology changes, also caused anemia due to reduced erythropoietin synthesis in the kidneys. The dose of 1000 or 300 mg/kg BW/ day did not result in nephrotoxic findings (Crowell et al., 2004). Some active constituents of cruciferous vegetables can also produce toxic effects. Akagi et al. reported that the oral administration of 0.1% phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the rat diet-induced continuous urinary epithelial cell proliferation and simple and papillary or nodular (PN) hyperplasias, resulting in bladder carcinogenesis in rats (Akagi et al., 2003). The intracellular ROS generated from the N=S group of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) produces the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects and subsequent oxidative DNA damage (Russo et al., 2010).
Functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with Moringa oleifera with potent antibacterial action in wastewater
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Alessandra Marjorie de Oliveira, Gustavo Affonso Pisano Mateus, Tássia Rhuna Tonial dos Santos, Benício Alves de Abreu Filho, Raquel Guttierres Gomes, Rosangela Bergamasco
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO), a plant widely used in regions of Asia and Africa [12] with the ability to clarify waters and antibacterial action, stands out among the numerous candidates for natural products. Since the 1970s, MO has been used as a natural coagulant due to the presence of a water-soluble cationic proteins capable of precipitating organic and mineral matter in different solutions [13, 14]. Also, research indicates the antibacterial power of the seeds of this plant, mainly due to the existence of the bioactive component 4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate [15]. The peptides found in MO seeds act to inhibit bacterial growth, either by breaking down the cell membrane or inhibiting essential enzymes [16]. Recombinant proteins in the seeds have already shown the ability to flocculate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, removing them in the liquid medium [17].
Salvadora persica root extract-mediated fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles and characterization
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Padma Rani Verma, Fahmida Khan, Subhash Banerjee
The existing research has discussed the different morphology of ZnO NPs due to the extraction of phytoconstituents from S. persica root in the different dispersion medium, i.e., aqueous media and methanolic media. The extraction of phytochemicals in different solvent media has been reported by Sofrata et al.[52] and Akhtar et al.[53] that play a vital role for different morphological behavior of ZnO NPs. To study the behavior of synthesized NPs various characterization techniques are done. The presence of different volatiles, essential oils, benzyl isothiocyanate, and various phytochemicals in Miswak[51–53] shows the capping, stabilizing, and reducing behavior for synthesizing the ZnO NPs. The prepared powdered sample after calcination used for characterization purpose.
Biocorrosion inhibition of mild steel in crude oil-water environment using extracts of Musa paradisiaca peels, Moringa oleifera leaves, and Carica papaya peels as biocidal-green inhibitors: kinetics and adsorption studies
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
S. E. Agarry, K. M. Oghenejoboh, O. A. Aworanti, A. O. Arinkoola
The extracts of M. paradisiaca peels, M. oleifera leaves, and C. papaya peels, respectively, contains phytochemical constituents. Aside the phytochemical constituents, it has been reported that M. paradisiaca still contains some antioxidant compounds such as gallocatechin and dopamine (Mokbel and Hashinaga, 2005) and several other compounds like carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicelluloses as well as amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and threonine (Ketiku, 1973; Emaga et al., 2007); M. oleifera contains amino acids such as aspartic acid, alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, serine, threonine, and carbohydrate such as sucrose, glucose, benzyl-isothiocyanate derivative, and 4(4-acetyl-L-Lrhamnosyloxy)- benzo-isothiocyanate (Rajangam, 2001; Singh and Quraishi, 2012), and C. papaya contains myrosin, rutin, resin, carpine, chymopapain, pectin, carposide, carpaine, pseudocarpaine, dehydrocarpines, carotenoids, cryptoglavine, cis-violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, benzylglucosinolate, linalool, malic acid, methyl salicylate, beta-carotene, B-vitamins and vitamins A, C, and E, philobatinins, starch, sugars, proteins, fat, and fiber (Okafor and Ebenso, 2007). According to Hassan et al. (2015), C. papaya peel contains octa decanoic acid, dodecenoic acid, octa decenoic acid, hexa decanoic, eicosanoic acid, 3,5-di-tert butyl phenol, 2-decanol, 2-nonenal, 2-tridecenal, and 2-dodecenal.