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Nanosensors for Food Contaminant Detection
Published in C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Parthasarathi, Food Nanotechnology, 2019
Heera Jayan, L. Bhavani Devi, C. Anandharamakrishnan
Benzoic acid and benzoates are generally used as preservatives in drinks and other food products to prevent degradation caused by micro-organisms during storage. However, they are harmful if not used in small quantities (minimal usage limit) (Mota et al., 2003; Tfouni et al., 2002). Electrochemical sensors based on Copper germanate (CuGeO3) nanowire was proposed for the detection of benzoic acid (BA). The electrochemical peaks (anodic peak potential) of CuGeO3 nanowire modified GCE increases with the addition of BA concentration, thereby detecting BA in samples. The current electrochemical sensor detects BA in the linear range of 0.01–2 mM with LOD of 0.91 µM at a signal-to-noise ratio of three and exhibits good reproducibility and stability (Cai et al., 2013). Copper vanadate nanobelts modified GCE was used for the detection of BA based on a pair of semi-reversible electrochemical peaks whose anodic peak potential is located at 0.13 and −0.06 V. Furthermore, the intensities of electrochemical peaks have a linear relationship with the concentration of BA, and detect BA with good reproducibility and stability in the linear range of 0.001–2 mM, with detection limits of 0.61 and 1.21 μM for cvp1 and cvp2, respectively (Lin et al., 2016). A novel glutamate electrochemical biosensor was developed based on nano-porous pseudo carbon paste electrode (Nano-PPCPE) as the working electrode, coupled with L-glutamate oxidase, catalase, and bovine serum albumin, which was followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Nano-PPCPE possesses excellent selectivity and sensitivity with a linear range of detection from 5 × 10−7 M to 1 × 10−5 M, with the detection limit of 25 × 10−7 M (Deng et al., 2013).
Plasticizers
Published in Kathleen Hess-Kosa, Building Materials, 2017
Benzoates are esters of benzoic acid. They are nonvolatile and require elevated temperatures to vaporize. The most commonly used benzoate plasticizer is oxydipropyl dibenzoate (Figure 8.7). It is used in adhesives, caulks, and sealants.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation for Water Treatment: Preparation and Application of Catalyst
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Zekun Yang, Haitao Yang, Yong Liu, Chaoquan Hu, Hailong Jing, Hongtao Li
Hydroxy benzoates (parabens) are extensively used as preservatives in cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food. The widespread use of these products has led to the widespread presence of parabens in China. Shen et al. found that MgFexOy, MgMnxOy, and MgO catalytic ozonation methods remove 84.8%, 88.2%, and 86.7% of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HBA), respectively, in the ozonation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ethyl acetate with initial pH of 7.2. Besides, the ozonolysis of MgMxOy to reactive oxygen species in catalytic ozonation is induced with increasing solution pH, protonation of surface hydroxyl groups, and electron transfer on acid sites. (Shen et al., 2020).