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Petroleum: Hydrocarbon Contamination
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Air Quality and Energy Systems, 2020
Svetlana Drozdova, Erwin Rosenberg
Aromatic compounds with less than nine carbon atoms (such as BTEX) are evaluated separately because the toxicity values for each are well supported and these compounds have a wide range of toxicity. However, most of the smaller aromatic compounds have low toxicity, with the exception of benzene, which is a known human carcinogen (RfD, 0.029 mg/kg/day). Most petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures contain very low concentrations of PAHs. The major concern regarding PAHs is the potential carcinogenicity of some of these. Benzo(a)pyrene and benz(a)anthracene are classified as probable human carcinogens. Benzo(a)pyrene is normally considered to be the most potent carcinogenic PAH, but the carcinogenic potency of most PAHs is not well characterized. In case of spills of petroleum products affecting water, PAHs are not usually a specific concern; however, this concern becomes more specific if these compounds are released into the soil due to a bioaccumulation of PAH in soil.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Benz[a]anthracene has been shown to be carcinogenic to experimental animals. 1,2-Benzanthracene has been listed and grouped as an A2, meaning a suspected human carcinogen by the ACGIH and the NTP, and the IARC classified it as Group 2A, meaning a probable human carcinogen.
Examination of Combustion-Generated Smoke Particles from Biomass at Source: Relation to Atmospheric Light Absorption
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2020
Jenny Jones, Edward Mitchell, Alan Williams, E Kumi-Barimah, Gin Jose, Keith Bartle, Nicole Hondow, Amanda Lea-Langton
The samples collected on the filters consists of both the soot together with some surface PAH as well as condensed high molecular weight PAH which would be emitted in the form of organic aerosols (OA). Measurements were made of the PAH emissions in the flue gases under flaming and smouldering conditions. In the former a range of species were observed, the most abundant ones being: phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Other PAH observed included, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene. Of these, phenanthrene and pyrene are protographenes, and the fluoranthenes are protofullerenes. Smouldering combustion emissions were different since the PAH levels were lower and especially the larger PAH species were in a much smaller concentration.
Incident command post exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulate matter during a wildfire
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Kathleen M. Navarro, Ricardo Cisneros, Donald Schweizer, Pujeeta Chowdhary, Elizabeth M. Noth, John R. Balmes, S. Katharine Hammond
Wildland fire smoke contains hazardous air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, benzene, formaldehyde, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), acrolein, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).[5,7] PAHs are hazardous air pollutants formed during incomplete combustion, are detected in food, air, and soil, and exist in the environment in both the gaseous and particulate phases.[8] Commonly, PAHs are most known for their carcinogenic potential, but have also been associated with other adverse health outcomes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has reported benzo[a]pyrene as a human carcinogen, benz[a]anthracene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene as probable human carcinogens and benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, and naphthalene as possible human carcinogens.[9–11] Past occupational health studies found that inhalational exposure to PAHs was associated with a higher risk of lung and bladder cancer and dermal exposure was associated with an increased risk of skin cancer.[12,13] Additionally, PAH exposure has been associated with cardiopulmonary mortality and immunotoxicity.[14,15]
First Characterization of PAH-degrading bacteria from Río de la Plata and high-resolution melting: an encouraging step toward bioremediation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Silvina A. Izzo, Silvina Quintana, Mariela Espinosa, Paola A. Babay, Silvia R. Peressutti
The Río de la Plata waters are exposed to a broad diversity of contaminants owing to the high industrial activity in that zone and the lack of adequate disposal managements. Related to oil refineries and chemical industries, PAHs are common pollutants in this area. With the purpose of isolating the PAH-degrading bacteria, samples of contaminated waters were inoculated into mineral medium-containing Phe as the only substrate source. This tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon has often been used as the model substrate in studies on the environmental degradation of PAHs, since it is widely distributed throughout the environment and its structure is found in carcinogenic PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene or benz[a]anthracene [33]. From these enrichments, and after several transfers to fresh medium, aliquots were inoculated on MSM-Phe-agarose plates, obtaining significant colony diversity. Taking into account the formation of clear zones around the colonies and their differences in morphology, a total of 95 bacteria with the potential to degrade Phe were detected.