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Construction and Testing of Models
Published in F.P. Glushikhin, G.N. Kuznetsov, M.F. Shklyarskii, V.N. Pavlov, M.S. Zlotnikov, Modelling in Geomechanics, 2022
F.P. Glushikhin, G.N. Kuznetsov, M.F. Shklyarskii, V.N. Pavlov, M.S. Zlotnikov
The basic components consist of the flexible metallic strip and the inflated balloon. They are located in a special housing which has a Pi (n)-shaped cross-section. The housing is made up of two channels and a top cover (see Fig. 2.9, a). Air is filled into the balloon under pressure. The rubber (cushion) expands and exerts pressure on the flexible steel strip placed below the rubber cushion in the model (see Fig. 2.9, b). As the material in the model drops downwards (simulating cave-in) the rubber cushion follows the steel strip, exerting a uniform pressure on it. Pressure is simultaneously exerted on the walls of the housing also. The transverse rigidity of the housing is increased by providing stiffening ribs (see Fig. 2.9, c). The shape of the housing is selected in such a way as to provide the desired subsidence of the upper contour of the model together with its stability.
Hydrogen in Aeronautics
Published in G. Daniel Brewer, Hydrogen Aircraft Technology, 2017
Hydrogen balloons have been used for scientific work, e.g., to study the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere and the stratosphere, to provide meteorological data, and to gather evidence of the effect of high altitude on human performance; for military operations, such as reconnaissance and observation; as well as for sport. The use of hydrogen in balloons has largely been supplanted today by helium because of safety considerations.
How Do We Test Rockets?
Published in Travis S. Taylor, Introduction to Rocket Science and Engineering, 2017
The simplest test to be performed on a pressure vessel design is the burst test. A burst test is exactly what it sounds like. The vessel is pressurized until it fails. This type of test can be dangerous because, when the pressure vessel fails, it might explode, or it might be as anticlimactic as springing a leak. However, consider a balloon as a simple pressure vessel test. If the balloon is filled too full, it pops, loudly. A balloon made of superstrong materials and pressurized to extremely high pressures might pop quite violently. Safety precautions must be taken with such tests. Figure 6.29 shows the NASA burst test facility at White Sands, New Mexico, and one composite tank after a burst test. The tank failed with an outward rupture of the material wall.
Development of balloon-borne impactor payload for profiling free tropospheric aerosol
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2019
P. R. Sinha, N. Nagendra, R. K. Manchanda, D. K. Ojha, B. Suneel Kumar, S. K. Koli, D. B. Trivedi, R. K. Lodha, L. K. Sahu, S. Sreenivasan
Vertical characteristics of aerosol particles in both planetary boundary layer and FT can only be measured by using balloon-borne or aircraft-borne instruments, lidar, and satellite measurements. However, vertical inhomogeneities in aerosol particle characteristics due to variety of their sources and sinks, the influence of special features of meteorology (e.g. monsoon), mixing processes, and intricate interactions with clouds, may not always be resolvable from ground- and satellite-based instrumentation. Balloon-borne measurements with its promising high vertical resolution due to slow ascent rate provide useful information on the vertical variation of aerosol particles. Balloon-borne measurements also provide frequent, fast, and low-cost flight opportunities for such scientific investigations.