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Chitosan Micro- and Nanoparticles for Vitamin Encapsulation
Published in V Ravishankar Rai, Jamuna A. Bai, Nanotechnology Applications in the Food Industry, 2018
Patricia Rosales-Martínez, Maribel Cornejo-Mazón, Izlia J. Arroyo-Maya, Humberto Hernández-Sánchez
Alishahi et al. (2011a) prepared particles with chitosans of different molecular weights to encapsulate vitamin C using STPP and the ionic gelation method, obtaining particle sizes between 185.4 ± 2.1 and 585.3 ± 3.6 nm for chitosans with molecular weights between 65 and 450 kDa. Additionally, it was shown that there was an increase in the useful life and release of vitamin C. The low-molecular weight chitosan favored a higher efficiency of encapsulation of vitamin C, and the release of vitamin C from nanoparticles was pH dependent. In an experiment performed on fish, a controlled in vivo release of the vitamin was observed for up to 48 h with this type of capsules (Alishahi et al., 2011b). The use of the o/w emulsion technique to encapsulate vitamin C as ascorbyl palmitate, including STPP as a cross-linking agent, has also been reported. In this case, the charged particles had diameters between 30 and 100 nm and a good release of the vitamin at pH 8.0 (Yoksan et al., 2010).
Stimuli-responsive Macrocyclic Receptors
Published in Satish Kumar, Priya Ranjan Sahoo, Violet Rajeshwari Macwan, Jaspreet Kaur, Mukesh, Rachana Sahney, Macrocyclic Receptors for Environmental and Biosensing Applications, 2022
Satish Kumar, Priya Ranjan Sahoo, Violet Rajeshwari Macwan, Jaspreet Kaur, Mukesh, Rachana Sahney
Ferrocene has been used in several reports as a substitute to modify macrocycles like crown ether, calixarenes, cucurbiturils, pillararenes and other macrocycles due to its shape/size. Ferrocene moiety in combination with Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) has been found to be useful in stimuli responsive anti-cancer drug delivery systems due to higher than normal concentration of H2O2 in the cancerous cells (Zhang et al. 2020). Based on this, Ge et al. (Wang et al. 2018) developed micellar NPs based on self-assembly of β-CD incorporated into a block copolymer PEG-b-P(PLG-g-CD), Ascorbyl Palmitate (PA) and ferrocenecarboxylic acid hexadecyl ester (DFc). The block copolymer PEG-b-P(PLG-g-CD) was cross-assembled with a block copolymer of DFc and PA to produce core-shell nanoparticles by an inclusion complex between β-CD and ferrocene moiety within DFc polymer. The multifunctional micellar nanoparticles displayed excellent stability in serum media. The PA present in the nanoparticles assisted in H2O2 generation in tumor tissues, while ferrocene moiety helped in the transformation of H2O2 into hydroxyl radical to achieve a cancer cell-killing ability. The nanoparticles were demonstrated to display highly efficient tumor cell suppression ability. On similar lines, Li et al. (Kang et al. 2017) reported the redox responsive supramolecular assemblies based inclusion complex between PEGylated-β-CD and ferrocene modified with CPT (linked through a S—S bond). The nano-assemblies displayed an excellent inhibition effect on tumor cells. The in-vivo results demonstrated the excellent efficacy of the developed nano-system without any side effect. The nano-system based on macrocyclic ligands in a nano-system may serve as a new type of promising drug delivery vehicles.
Nanoemulsion-based patch for the dermal delivery of ascorbic acid
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Ahlam Zaid Alkilani, Rania Hamed, Ghaid Hussein, Sabreen Alnadi
Recently, the loading of drug-encapsulated nanoemulsions into delivery systems has become increasingly popular due to the high potential of nanoemulsions to solubilize both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, thus enhancing drug bioavailability.[20–22] Nanoemulsions are nanocarrier systems of aqueous, surfactants/co-surfactants mixture, and oil phase that can favor skin penetration.[20] Previous studies have shown that utilizing nanoemulsion as a vehicle for topical/transdermal drug delivery improves the solubility of drugs, provides controlled-release pattern, and enhances skin permeation compared to conventional emulsions . Nanocarriers have been recently introduced as a delivery system for AA.[23,24] For instance, Kim et al.[23] have developed nanoemulsions of vitamin A and vitamin C to study the effect of these vitamins on the in vitro expression changes of milk-related proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, solid lipid nanoparticles of vitamin C derivative (ascorbyl palmitate) have been developed for topical use to enhance its chemical stability.[24] The loading of these submicron-sized emulsions into gels has been further investigated to allow more contact with skin when applied topically due to gel-viscous property.[25] Furthermore, the anti-wrinkles patches are commonly used in cosmetics in the form of vitamins C derivatives such as ester.[26]
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
By the click reaction with substrate azide group and the alkyne group on the micellar surface, and then, the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin was co-loaded with doxorubicin [129]. The result showed that, the size-adjustable micelles produced more effective drug delivery system, more penetration and retention in tumour cells; by the collective result of doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity and wortmannin-mediated autophagy inhibition, this approach resulted in substantial anti cancerous outcome in melanoma cancer treatment. The combination of docetaxel (DTX) and ceramide (CE) was an effective treatment strategy. For further improving the antitumor effect of DTX, the CE lipid-based nanosuspensions (LNS) was manufactured for the delivery of DTX to show combined treatment strategy [115]. CE-LNS could efficiently combine with DTX and CE + DTX-LNS showed greater tumour growth inhibition because of the localization of CE and DTX. CE-LNS has good possibility for being a suitable carrier for CE-based combination chemotherapy. Ascorbyl palmitate based on co-delivery drug delivery system has been developed which may carry many functional drugs to the tumour cells on their target representing a striking approach to increase the efficacy of carcinoma treatment [35]. This study is based on dual drug distribution system for co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) into solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) for synergistic carcinoma treatment which were used in the treatment of murine B16F10 melanoma which already metastasized to the mice lungs. Cytotoxic assays indicate that the AP/PTX-SLNs with an AP/PTX mass ratio of 2:1 deliver the ideal anti cancerous treatment efficacy in vitro. AP/PTX-SLNs were more efficacious in decreasing the progress of tumour in B16F10-bearing mice and also in eradicating tumour cells in the lungs than single drug (AP or PTX) combined with SLNs based treatment through a synergistic effect by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.